formation of Romantic Relationships

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  • Created on: 17-12-12 15:39
What are the two main theories of formation of romantic relationships
Reward-need satisfaction (Byrne & Clore, 1970) and Filter Model ( Kerckhoff & Davis, 1962) (a stage theory)
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Describe Kerckhoff and Davis )1962) formation of relationships theory
The filter model. Mention "field of eligibles" stage 1: social variables (ethnicity, social class, religion(principle of homophily)). stage 2: internal values(political views, vegetarian ect). stage 3: personality traits( extraversion).
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Describe research supporting Kerchoff and Davis's (1962) study.
Logitudinal studen couples study, together for more/less than 18m. complete questionairs over 7m period on Attitude Similarity and Personality Trait with partner. F: AS key up to 18m then psy compat+ abil to meet needs more important.
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evaluate research support for the filter model.
-18m study,similar attitudes become less important over time(Gruber-Baldini). Sprecher (1998) coules matched in looks, soco-backgrnd+interests devel long term r'ships. long-study 21 yrs, similar educ levels+ age longer r'ship. no dynamics in stages.
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Describe the strengths of the filter model. +
K&D tested model with student p's in r'ships questionair, ST r'ships depend on shared beliefs. support by walter (1966) mismatched couples, less atteractive will feel insecure, strain r'ship.+ gruber-badini,couples similar in age+ education last long
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Describe the weaknesses of the filter model. + IDA's
evidence shows imprtant factors change as a r'ship develops. experiment only used students in ST r'ships. 3 will vs determinism. study basic, no free will. Bias, Culural/gender diff. methodological issues K&D only students..
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How does Byrne and Clore's (1970) Reward-Needs satisfaction theory work
r'ships formed due to rewards from others. B&C: we like those associated with rewards+dislike those associated with pain (C conditioning). physical proximity allows reward interaction. ppl+similar attitudes+same opinion=better self esteem.
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Explain the BADDASS mnemonic for direct reinforcement by Argyle, (1994) and how relationships help meet these needs
Biological needs(collective eating+drinking behaviour),Affiliation(seeking company),Dependency(being comforted),Dominance(making decisions for others),Aggression(engage,football violence),Sex(flirting),Self esteem,(valued by others)
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describe study by Griffitt& Guay
we like individuals b/c they provide direct reinforcement, pps were evaluated on creative task by experimenter, then asked to rate experimenter. ratings highest when experimenter positivly evaluated pps performance on task.
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describe the second study by griffitt & Guay
we like people associated with pleasant events. similar study, Pps rated onlooker aswell. onlooker rated more highly when performance of participant was positivly evaluated by experimenter.
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How important are rewards? Describe the Cate et al study and what did Hays(1985) find?
337 individuals to assess current relationships for reward level and satisfaction. results: reward level superior to all other factos in r'ship satisfaction. however problem of R/N theory explores only receiving rewards. Hays:satisfaction from giving
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Cultural differences. describe the study by Lott (1994) and how it links with Hays (1985)
R/N theory, no account for cultural+gender differences in r'ship formation. Lott, many cultures woman focused on needs of others. Hay satisfaction from giving.
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what is the difference between Operant and Classical conditioning in the RNS theory (learning theory)
Operant conditioning is through direct rewards e.g sex. Classical conditioning through an association of a pleasant event, (indirect rewards)
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Laughter and liking Bachorowski and Owren (2001)
Ezxperiment on two strangers, examined"laugh box"both laughed during experiment+rated other highly than in similar experiment. support CC of RNS
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Evolutionary approach - alternate approach
Miller- being humourous seen as a fitness indicatior, humor production evolved due to sexual attraction. Bresler and Balshine: found gender differnce in sexual preferences - woman like humoros males non existant with males to females
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evaluate the RNS theory
Hays found satisfaction from giving. Lott - cultural differences. only focuses on one type of relationships. Duck support studies artificial(external validity) however study has support and provides good evidence. eg griffit and guay
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Describe Kerckhoff and Davis )1962) formation of relationships theory

Back

The filter model. Mention "field of eligibles" stage 1: social variables (ethnicity, social class, religion(principle of homophily)). stage 2: internal values(political views, vegetarian ect). stage 3: personality traits( extraversion).

Card 3

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Describe research supporting Kerchoff and Davis's (1962) study.

Back

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Card 4

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evaluate research support for the filter model.

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Card 5

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Describe the strengths of the filter model. +

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