Roman Religion

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  • Created by: Lotto65
  • Created on: 31-05-16 15:04
Religion was divided into two. What were they?
Public and private religion
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Who did they believe watched over families, households and people?
Spirits
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Who was the paterfamilias?
The oldest male family member and head of the family who was in charge of household worship
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What else did a paterfamilias do?
Said grace everyday
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Give two examples of public gods
Jupiter and Mars
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Was state worship formal or informal?
Formal
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Who paid tributes to the Gods on behalf of Rome?
Colleges of priests
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What was a nuncupatio?
A request to the Gods
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What was a solutio?
The promised thing to be done in return for the nuncupatio
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How would someone make his nuncupatio more favoured with the Gods?
Offerings
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What would these offerings consist of?
Food, wine or a ritual sacrifice
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Give two words to describe public religion
Organised and formal
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What were the two types of religious colleges?
Augures and Collegium pontificum
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What did an Augur do?
Read and interpreted signs from the gods
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Who else had authority to do an Augur's job?
No-one! Only Augures had the authority to read and interpret signs from the Gods
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How long were people an augur for?
For life
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What would augures try to find out?
If the Gods were happy with a particular plan (battle)
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How in particular did augures find out this?
Watching a natural phenomena (lightning or a bird in flight)
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What did a haruspex do?
Observed the entrails of sacrificed animals
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How many branches did the collegium pontificum have?
4
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What was the name of the priests in the collegium pontificum?
Pontifices
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What was a pontifices' status?
The most important priest and controlled state religion
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How many pontifices were there?
16
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What were the names of the household Gods?
Lares and penates
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Did you have to worship both household gods?
Yes
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What was a lararium?
A shrine to the household gods
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Where would you find a lararium?
In the atrium
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What did a lararium consist of?
A small cupboard with statues of the lare
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What were the duties of a pontifices?
Determined festival dates; assisted the emperor in religious duties; determined which days were legal to conduct business
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What was the name of the priest in charge of the pontifices?
Pontifex maximus
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After Augustus' time, who was always the pontifex maximus?
The emperor
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Where did the vestal virgins live?
In the temple of Vesta
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Vesta was the goddess of what?
Fireplace
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How many vestal virgins were there?
6
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What were the duties of the vestal virgins?
Tended to the sacred fire, baked sacred salt cakes; oversaw the care of sacred objects in the temple
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What was the name of the sacred salt cakes?
Mola salsa
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What were the constraints when choosing a vestal virgin?
From Rome's best families; young girls; aged 6-10
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Who chose the vestal virgins?
Pontifex maximus
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How many years did the vestal virgins serve for?
30 years
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What was the requirement throughout a vestal virgin's service?
Remain a virgin
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What was the punishment if a vestal virgin had sex?
Buried alive
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What was the objective of Roman worship?
Gain the blessing of the Gods and therefore gain prosperity
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How did Augustus prove to the Romans that he was the son of God?
He used the appearance of Halley's comet
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What did approval from the Gods depend on?
Perfectly accurate observance of religious rituals
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Every god needed two things. What were they?
An image (statues) and an altar or temple to place offerings and say prayers
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What were statues of the gods usually made of?
Stone or bronze
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Give two other religions other than the Roman religion in Rome?
Judaism and Christianity
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How were Jews treated in Rome?
With respect
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What led to a change in practice of the Jewish faith?
A revolt in Judea and the destruction of a temple
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How was Jesus' messages of eternal life and hope spread across the Roman empire?
By missionaries like Paul
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How were Christians treated in Rome?
They were persecuted
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Who did they believe watched over families, households and people?

Back

Spirits

Card 3

Front

Who was the paterfamilias?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What else did a paterfamilias do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Give two examples of public gods

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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