Rocks Resources and Scenery

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What is a geological period?
the basic unit of geological time in which a single type of rock is formed
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What is an era?
An era is a longer stretch of time, made up of two or more periods
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In what period was granite formed?
Permian (in the Paleozoic era)
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In what period was chalk and clay formed?
Cretaceous (in the Mesozoic era)
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How is granite formed?
Granite is an igneous rock. Magma from deep within the earth travelled upwards towards the crust. As it got closer to the crust the temperature dropped and it cooled slowly, forming rock with big crystals.
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How is basalt formed?
Basalt is an igneous rock. A volcano erupted and produced lava which cooled quickly on the Earth's surface, creating rock with small crystals.
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How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Sediment is washed down off cliffs and landforms in to the sea. Layers of deposits are piled up on top of each other, and the pressure of the sediment pushing down cements them together.
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How is metamorphic rock fromed?
A rock that was either igneous or sedimentary changes due to great heat or pressure.
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Where in the UK are igneous rocks found?
Scattered in small patches across Scotland, Southern Ireland, North West Northern Ireland and Cornwall in England (South West)
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Where in the UK are sedimentary rocks found?
All across England, Wales and the Republic of Ireland
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Where in the UK are metamorphic rocks found?
All across Scotland and Northern Ireland
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What is weathering?
Weathering: the disintigration of rocks in their original place by elements of the weather
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What is mechanical weathering?
Mechanical weathering: the break up of rocks where there is not a chemical reaction
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Name one type of mechanical weathering
Freeze-thaw weathering, exfoliation
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What is chemical weathering?
Chemical weathering: the break up of rocks where there is a chemical reaction
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Name one type of chemical weathering
Solution, Carbonation
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What is biological weathering?
When something living destroys rocks, e.g: when trees grow and push rocks with their roots causing cracks
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Name one feature of a granite landscape
tors, moorland
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Name two features of a chalk and clay landscape
escarpment, dry valley, spring line, vale, dip slope, scarp slope
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Name three features of a limestone landscape (underground or surface)
limestone pavement, swallow hole, gorge, resurgent river, limestone curtain, stalactite, stalagmite, cavern, pillar
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Whate are granite areas used for?
Stone, tourism, farming and water
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What are chalk and clay areas used for?
Cement, tourism, farming, water
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What are limestone ares used for?
Stone, cement, tourism, farming
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Name an economic advantage of quarries
they employ locals, they help improve the local economy, good transport links will be built for the quarry that will attract businesses and boost the local economy
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Name a social disadvantage of quarries?
heavy traffic may be caused by the lorries, quarries are very dangerous, they can sometimes be very loud, they are an eyesore
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Card 2

Front

What is an era?

Back

An era is a longer stretch of time, made up of two or more periods

Card 3

Front

In what period was granite formed?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

In what period was chalk and clay formed?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How is granite formed?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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