Rocks flash cards

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  • Created by: harrynik
  • Created on: 20-05-17 13:58
Igneous rock.
Rock formed when magma cools.
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Sedimentary rock.
Rock formed from the accumulation of sediment on the sea floor.
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Metamorphic rock.
Rock formed when a rock's texture is changed by heat and pressure.
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Weathering.
The breakdown of rocks into fragments by the weather.
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Physical/mechanical weathering.
Weathering through physical processes.
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Freeze-thaw weathering.
Water collects in cracks in rock- day. water freezes form ice, expansion causes stress and crack expands - night. repeated cycles - day/night. rock fragments break off.
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Exfoliation.
Rock expands during day. Rock contracts at night. After repeated cycles the rock is weathered away.
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Chemical weathering.
Weathering through chemical processes.
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Solution.
Rock dissolving in water.
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Carbonation.
Rocks made of calcium carbonate dissolved in acid rain.
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Where is Hope Village?
Peak District National Park.
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How much limestone is extracted from Hope Quarry each year?
2 million tronnes.
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Nearest city to Hope Quarry?
Sheffield - 6 miles away.
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How much of the limestone is turned into cement?
1.3 million tonnes.
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How long will Hope Quarry stay open?
30-35 years.
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How many people have jobs at Hope Quarry?
200.
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Why build a quarry?
To get resources. jobs. Building materials. Money. Pool if it floods. improve infrastructure.
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Problems caused by a quarry.
Eyesores. noise. damage roads. co2. dust.
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People who benefit from quarries.
Quarry owner - money. Unemployed - jobs. Local shop owners - business.
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People who are disadvantaged by quarries.
Farmers - digging. Tourists - noise. local people - traffic. Transport companies - traffic.
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Caves.
These happen when the underground stream dissolves an underground hole called a cave. The dripping water deposits pure limestone in hanging stalactites and standing stalagmites.
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Limestone pavement.
These are areas where the limestone is exposed. the joints are weathered by carbonation this leaves a pattern of dips.d
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Swallow holes.
Weathered holes in thew surface.
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Limestone gorges.
Steep sided gorges formed when caverns collapse.
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Resurgent stream.
when a river flows through permeable rock but hits impermeable rock and appears on the surface again
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Stalactite
Water seeping through limestone contains dissolved materials. When th water drips into a cavern the minerals solidify and build up over time on the ceiling
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Stalagmite
Water seeping through limestone contains dissolved materials. When th water drips into a cavern the minerals solidify and build up over time on the cavern floor.
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Stage 1 of a batholith.
The ground is in layers of rock.
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Stage 2 of a batholith.
Magma from the mantle pushes up. magma collects in a blob called a batholith
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Stage 3 of a batholith.
The magma cools down. Crystals grow. The liquid magma becomes solid rock e.g. granite.
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Stage 4 of a batholith.
The rock that was above the batholith was removed by glaciers in the Ice Age. The granite sticks up after erosion because the most resistant rock doesn't get weathered.
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Stage 5 of a batholith.
Cracks form when magma cools. Tor left sticking where there are less cracks.
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Land uses of granite.
Water supply - Burrator reservoir. Tourism - Sheeps tor. Wood/animal conservation - rough tor plantation. Tin mine.
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Where is an area with a lot of granite?
Dartmoor.
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The two types of igneous rock.
Intrusive - beneath the surface. Extrusive above the surface.
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How are escarpments formed.
Horizontal layers of chalk and clay are sometimes tilted diagonally by earth movements. The clay is less resistant than the chalk so it eroded faster. The chalk is left sticking out forming escarpments. where the clay has been eroded it forms vales.
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What's a vale?
A wide area of flat land.
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Describe the slopes of an escarpment.
Scarp slope: steep, away from the valley. Dip slope: gentle, towards the valley.
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Aquifer.
A permeable rock that holds water.
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Dry valley.
Valleys that don't have a river or stream flowing in them because the water is flowing underground.
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Example of an escarpment.
North and South downs - London.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Rock formed from the accumulation of sediment on the sea floor.

Back

Sedimentary rock.

Card 3

Front

Rock formed when a rock's texture is changed by heat and pressure.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The breakdown of rocks into fragments by the weather.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Weathering through physical processes.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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