Rivers and Coasts Key Terms 0.0 / 5 ? GeographyWater and riversGCSEOCR Created by: annanolanCreated on: 13-09-16 18:31 Evaporation water turning into water vapour 1 of 50 Evapotranspiration the sum of evaporation from the Earth's surface together with the transpiration of plants 2 of 50 Groundwater flow movement of water underground through rocks 3 of 50 Infiltration seeping of water into soil 4 of 50 Interception collection of water by vegetation 5 of 50 Precipitation moisture that falls from the atmosphere in any form 6 of 50 Surface runoff all water flowing on the Earth's surface 7 of 50 Sustainable capable of existing in the long term 8 of 50 Through-flow movement of water through the soil 9 of 50 Transpiration loss of moisture from plants 10 of 50 Water table the upper level of underground water 11 of 50 Bedload larger particles moved along a river bed 12 of 50 Erosion the wearing away and removal of rocks by the action of water, wind or ice 13 of 50 Freeze-thaw the continued freezing and thawing of moisture in rocks that will eventually cause them to break 14 of 50 Weathering breaking up of rocks by the action of weather, plants, animals and chemical processes 15 of 50 Hydro-electricity electricity produced by flowing water 16 of 50 Lateral erosion erosion of the sides of a valley 17 of 50 Vertical erosion downward erosion of a river bed 18 of 50 Delta where a river breaks into many distributaries before it reaches the sea 19 of 50 Estuary tidal part of a river mouth 20 of 50 Flood plain flat area by the side of a river which is liable to flood 21 of 50 Meanders large bends in a river 22 of 50 Reclaimed land land that has been drained so that it can be used for development 23 of 50 Discharge the volume of water in a river passing a point in a given time, measured in cumecs (cubic metres per second) 24 of 50 Impermeable a surface that does not allow water to pass through it 25 of 50 Permeable a surface that allows water to pass through it 26 of 50 Irrigation artificial watering of the land 27 of 50 Monsoon annual period of heavy rainfall in Asia 28 of 50 Storm surge extreme storm waves created by strong winds and low pressure, leading to higher sea levels and flooding 29 of 50 Catchment Flood Management Plans (CFMPs) plans setting out strategies to reduce flood risks in a river basin over 50-100 years 30 of 50 Geology the nature and structure of rocks 31 of 50 Marine erosion the wearing away of rocks by the action of the sea 32 of 50 Sub-aeriel processes processes active on the face and top of cliffs 33 of 50 Backwash the movement of water down a beach by the action of gravity 34 of 50 Destructive waves waves that erode coastlines 35 of 50 Swash the force of breaking waves moving up a beach 36 of 50 Consolidated rock rock with strong structure that is hard to break down 37 of 50 Dredging taking sediment from river or sea bed 38 of 50 Constructive waves waves that build up beach material to create landforms 39 of 50 Groyne wooden or concrete construction built across a beach 40 of 50 Longshore drift the movement of material along a coastline by the action of the waves 41 of 50 Prevailing wind most frequent wind direction 42 of 50 Nature reserve area set aside to preserve plants and animals 43 of 50 Salt marsh an area of tidal mudflats, partially flooded at high tide 44 of 50 Silt very fine sediment deposited by flowing water 45 of 50 Mangroves evergreen trees and shrubs growing in tropical coastal areas, where roots trap sediment and aid beach development 46 of 50 Tsunami tidal wave caused by an underwater earthquake 47 of 50 Beach replenishment building up the beach by pumping sand or shingle onto it 48 of 50 Amenity value used for recreational and leisure activities 49 of 50 Managed retreat allowing the sea to flood lowland areas 50 of 50
Case Study 13: A case study of the steel industry. The reasons for changing locations and the social, economic impacts of change 0.0 / 5
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