The pressure of water against the banks and bed of the river. As the water gets into the cracks in the rock, it compresses the air in the cracks, this puts even more pressure on the cracks and pieces of rock may break off.
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Corrasion
Particles being carried by the river are thrown against the river banks.
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Corrosion/Solution
A chemical reaction between certain rock types and the river water.
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Attrition
The breaking up of sediment being carried by the river. Stones and pebbles are continually knocked against each other by the water causing them to become smoother and smaller.
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Deposition
When a river drops some of the sediment it is carrying.
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Mass Movement
Material moves down a slope pulled by gravity.
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Width
How far it is from one bank of the river to the other.
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Depth
The distance between the top and the bottom of the water in a river.
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Velocity
The speed that the water in the river is moving at.
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Discharge
The volume(amount of water in the river) times the velocity of the river.
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Gradient
The slope that the river is moving down.
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Physical Factors
Causes of river flooding that relate to the natural environment.
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Human Factors
Causes of river flooding that relate to people.
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Saturated
When the ground becomes so wet that it can no longer hold anymore water.
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Impermeable Rocks
Rocks that do not allow water through them.
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Vegetation
The plants of an area.
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Interception
Vegetation stopping water from reaching rivers.
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Deforestation
When other trees and other plants are removed from an area.
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Urbanisation
When towns and cities are built.
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Prediction
A forecast of what might happen.
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Prevention
Trying to stop something from happening.
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River Flooding
The inundation by rivers of areas close to their channel.
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Building Design
The style of a building which helps to prevent flooding.
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Hard Engineering
Involves major construction work and is usually visually obtrusive.
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Soft Engineering
Work with the natural processes and do not involve major construction work.
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