Rivers

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What are upland areas?
Upland areas are high ground and normally mountainous or very hilly . The majority of upland areas are found in Scotland and the West of the UK
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What are lowland areas?
Lowland areas are flatter land which is normally less than 200m above sea level. The UK's lowlands are found in central and southern England
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What is relief?
A term used to describe the physical features of the landscape. This includes the height above sea level, shape & steepness
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What is the Source?
Beginning of a river
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What is the Mouth?
End of a river
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What is the Drainage Basin?
An area that drained by a river and its tributaries
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What is the Watershed?
The boundary between each drainage basin
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What is a Tributry?
A smaller river joins a bigger river
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What is a confluence?
The point at which two river meet
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What is erosion?
The wearing away of rock and land
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What is transportation?
The movement of eroded material
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What is depostion?
When materials being transported by the river is dropped due to the river losing energy
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What is abrasion?
Rocks being carried along by the river wear down the river bed and banks
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What is hydraulic action?
The force of the river against the bank can cause air to be trapped in cracks and crevices. The pressure weakens the banks and gradually wears it away
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What is attrition?
Rocks being carried by the river smash together and break into smaller, smoother and rounder particles
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What is Solution?
Soluble particles are dissolved into the river
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Examples of erosion?
Abrasion, Hydraulic Action, Attrition
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Examples of transportation
Traction, Saltation, Suspension & Soultion
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Define soft engineering?
More natural ways to reduce the impact of flooding on humans with less intervention and more preparation
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What is precipitation?
Any source of moisture reaching the ground
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What is interception?
water being prevented from reaching the surface by trees or grass
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What is surface storage?
Water held on the ground surface
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What infiltration?
Water sinking into soil/rock from the ground surface
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What soil moisture?
Water held in the soil layer
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What is percolation?
Water seeping deeper below the surface
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What is groundwater?
Water stored in the rock
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What is transpiration?
Water lost from pores in vegetation
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What is evaporation?
Water lost through pores in vegetation
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What is surface-run-off (overland flow)?
Water flowing on top of the ground
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What is thorough-flow?
Water flowing through the soil layer parallel to the surface
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What is groundwater flow?
Water flowing through the rock layer parallel to the surface
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What is a water table?
Current upper level of saturated rock/soil where no more water can be absorbed
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Define hard engineering?
Strong construction methods to hold floodwater back or keep it out
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are lowland areas?

Back

Lowland areas are flatter land which is normally less than 200m above sea level. The UK's lowlands are found in central and southern England

Card 3

Front

What is relief?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the Source?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the Mouth?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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