river

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what is releif
Relief is a term used by geographers to describe the physical features of the landscape.
1 of 18
how does the long profile of a river change as you go down it
in the upper course the river flows at a steep gradient, in the middle course the river flows at a gentle gradient and in the lower course there is a very gentle gradient
2 of 18
how does the cross profile of a river change as you go down the mountain
lower course: v shaped valley, steep sides, narrow shallow turbulent river. middle course: floodplain, wider deeper river, flat sides. upper course: wider deeper river, wery wide flat valley, levees formed
3 of 18
what is a watershed
the area of high land forming the edge of a river basin
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what is a river basin
the land arround the river
5 of 18
state and explain the fluvial processes of erosion
hydraulic action-force of water hitting the riverbed and bank / solution: rocks, sediment and riverbank eroding / abrasion: rocks hitting river bed and bank / attrition: rocks hitting eachother
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state and explain the fluvial processes if transportation
traction: boulders rolling / saltation: rocks bouncing / suspension: pebbles carried / solution: particled dissolved
7 of 18
what river landforms form where in the river
interlocking spurs, waterfalls, gorges (upper course) meanders ox-bow lakes (middle course) floodplain, levees, river estuary (lower course)
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how are levees formed
When a flood occurs, the river loses energy. The largest material is deposited first on the sides of the river banks and smaller material further away. After many floods, the sediment builds up to increase the height of the river banks.
9 of 18
what river landforms are there on the river tees
high force (waterfall and gorge) hard rock is dolerite soft rock is carboniferous limestone // meanders in a flood plain with levees south of darlington
10 of 18
what are the physical + human factors of flooding (explain how)
human: urbanization, deforestation, agriculture physical: precipitatiom, geology, steep slopes
11 of 18
what is a hyrograph
A graph that plots river discharge after a storm. It shows how discharge rises after a storm, reaches its peak and then returns to the normal rate of flow
12 of 18
label (hydrograph)
.
13 of 18
what caused the floods in cockermouth
confluence of river cocker and colerwent / torretial rain (31.4cm in 24hrs) / steep slopes (cumbrian mnts) / people built on floodplain / saturated soil / urbanisation
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what flood managements are for hard engineering (explain positives and negatives)
dams and reservoirs, channel straightning, embankments, flood releif channels
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what flood managements are for softengineering (explain positives and negatives)
floodplain zonng, wetland and flood storage areas, river restoration
16 of 18
what are the types of flood warnings
flood watch (people should be prepared and watch river levels) flood warning (people should turn off electricity and water, threat to homes) severe flood warning (extreme danger to life, so people shoud stay in upper level/leave)
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what was the flood management in banbury (group them into social economic and environmental benefits)
BAP (afforestation)/raising A361 road (if does flood, least amount of trouble for people) / 2.9 km embankments (used soil near river creating small reservoir) / scheme cost 18.5 mil pounds / benefits are 100 mil pounds / reduced levels of anxiety
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

how does the long profile of a river change as you go down it

Back

in the upper course the river flows at a steep gradient, in the middle course the river flows at a gentle gradient and in the lower course there is a very gentle gradient

Card 3

Front

how does the cross profile of a river change as you go down the mountain

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is a watershed

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is a river basin

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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