conc. Nitric Acid, conc. Sulfuric Acid, Heat in 50°C
1 of 13
Halogenation of Benzene
Halogen in the presence of a Halogen Carrier
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Oxidation of Alcohols and Aldehydes
Acidified Dichromate Ions, Heat and distil for Aldehydes, Heat in reflux for Carboxylic Acids
3 of 13
Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones
Sodium Borohydride, Water as a solvent, Heat gently
4 of 13
Silver Mirror Test
Tollen's Reagent (Ammoniacal Silver Nitrate) and place the test tube in hot water
5 of 13
Brady's Reagent
2,4-DNPH (2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine)
6 of 13
Ester Formation
Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids, conc. Sulfuric Acid Catalyst, Alcohols and Acid Anhydrides, gentle heating
7 of 13
Hydrolysis of Esters
1. Acid Hydrolysis, 6 mol dm-3 HCl, Heat in reflux 2. Alkaline Hydrolysis, Dilute NaOH, heat at temperatures above 100°C
8 of 13
Formation of Biodiesel
NaOH catalyst
9 of 13
Formation of Alkyl Amines
Excess Ammonia, Alcohol as a common solvent, Warm in a sealed tube
10 of 13
Formation of Aryl Amines
It is only possible to form Aryl Amines from nitrobenzene. This reaction requires conc. HCl and a Sn catalyst
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Hydrolysis of Polypeptides and Proteins
1. Acid Hydrolysis, 6 mol dm-3 HCl, Heat in reflux for 24 hours 2. Alkaline Hydrolysis, aqueous NaOH catalyst and heat at temperatures above 100°C
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Formation of Azo Dyes
1. Diazotisation: Nitrous Acid formed in situ from Sodium Nitrite and excess Hydrochloric Acid. Temperatures are kept below 10°C. 2. Coupling: Benzenediazonium Ion is reacted with Phenol under alkaline conditions.
13 of 13
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Halogen in the presence of a Halogen Carrier
Back
Halogenation of Benzene
Card 3
Front
Acidified Dichromate Ions, Heat and distil for Aldehydes, Heat in reflux for Carboxylic Acids
Back
Card 4
Front
Sodium Borohydride, Water as a solvent, Heat gently
Back
Card 5
Front
Tollen's Reagent (Ammoniacal Silver Nitrate) and place the test tube in hot water
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