Name four different non-renewable energy resources
Coal, oil, natural gas and nuclear fuels
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Explain how energy is generated in a gas-fired power station
1. Fossil fuel is burned to convert chemical energy into thermal energy 2. Heat energy heats water which turns into steam 3. Steam drives a turbine (kinetic energy) 4. Turbine connected to generator (electrical energy)
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State an advantage and a disadvantage of using wind power
Advantage: No fuel costs Disadvantage: High initial cost
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State an advantage and a disadvantage of using solar energy
Advantage: Energy is free Disadvantage: Only reliable in the daytime
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State an advantage and a disadvantage of using wave power
Advantage: No pollution Disadvantage: Hazard to boats
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State an advantage and a disadvantage of using geothermal energy
Advantage: Can be used to heat buildings directly Disadvantage: Not many suitable locations for power plants
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Why are hydroelectric power stations often situated in remote valleys?
This reduces the impact on humans (flooding of valley, loss of habitats, unsightly when dried up)
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What is the purpose of pumped storage?
To be able to release energy quickly during periods of peak demand
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Where can biofuels be obtained from?
From organisms that are still alive or from dead organic matter
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Give two examples of biofuels
Ethanol and methane 'biogas'
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Name two places that carbon can be stored after carbon capture
Empty gas fields and oil fields (e.g. under the North Sea)
12 of 27
Name the six factors that must be considered before setting up a power station
Which three energy sources are linked most strongly with habit disruption?
Hydroelectric, tidal and biofuels
14 of 27
Explain why a very high electrical voltage is used to transmit energy in the National Grid
It is much cheaper to boost the voltage up really really high and to keep the current low. This is because the problem with a high current is that you lose a lot of energy through heat in the cables
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What is a wavelength?
It is the length of a full cycle of the wave (e.g. from crest to crest)
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What is the direction of the vibrations in transverse waves?
In transverse waves, the vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer of the wave
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Why does light bend as it moves between air and water?
This is due to the change in density of the medium that the light ray is passing through
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What size should the gap be to maximise diffraction?
It should be the same width as the wavelength
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Write the order of the electromagnetic spectrum from shortest to longest wavelength
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