By their atomic mass, and physical and chemical properties
1 of 32
Give two reasons why Newlands' Octaves were criticised
1. He mixed up metals and non-metals 2. His groups contained elements that didn't share similar properties
2 of 32
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his Table of Elements?
In order to to keep elements with similar properties in the same group
3 of 32
How is the group number and the number of electrons in the outer shell related?
The group number is the same as the number of electrons in the outer shell
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What is shielding?
The attraction of the nucleus is smaller where there are a lot of inner electrons. Inner electrons 'get in the way' of the nuclear charge, reducing the attraction: this is shielding
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Which type of bonds do Group 1 elements form with metals?
Ionic bonds
6 of 32
Describe the density of alkali metals
Low density
7 of 32
Write the word equation for the reaction between sodium and water
Sodium + Water -> Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrogen
8 of 32
Why do Group 7 elements get less reactive as you go down the group?
Increased distance and more shielding means that a higher energy level is less likely to gain an electron due to the weaker attraction from the nucleus to pull in more electrons
9 of 32
What type of bonds do halogens form with metals?
Ionic bonds
10 of 32
Write down the balanced symbol equation for the displacement of bromine from potassium bromide by chlorine
Cl2(g) + 2KBr(aq) -> Br2(aq) + 2KCl (aq)
11 of 32
Over the next five cards, describe the chemical properties of a typical transition metal
1. Good conductor of heat and electricity
12 of 32
2.
2. Very strong, dense and shiny
13 of 32
3.
3. Much less reactive than Group 1 metals
14 of 32
4.
4. Much denser, stronger and harder than Group 1 metals
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5.
5. Much higher boiling point than Group 1 metals
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What is an industrial use for transition metals?
As a catalyst
17 of 32
What are the main ions that cause water hardness?
Calcium ions and magnesium ions
18 of 32
How does titration help compare hardness of two water samples?
The harder water sample will require more soap solution to form a lather
19 of 32
During water treatment, how are microbes killed so that the water is safe to drink?
By chlorination
20 of 32
Why isn't tap water purified by distillation?
Too expensive
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What is a reversible reaction?
A reversible reaction is one where the products of the reaction can themselves react to produce the original reactants
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What is an equilibrium?
Equilibrium means that the amounts of the reactants and products will reach a certain balance and stay there
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How does changing temperature of a reversible reaction alter the equilibrium position?
If you raise the temperature, the endothermic reaction will increase, and is you reduce the temperature the exothermic reaction will increase
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What effect does the iron catalyst have on the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen?
It speeds up the rate of reaction, but doesn't affect the position of equilibrium
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What are the names of the first three alcohols?
Methanol, ethanol and propanol
26 of 32
When alcohols dissolve in water, what sort of pH is the solution?
Neutral (pH 7)
27 of 32
Give two uses of alcohols
1. As solvents 2. As fuels
28 of 32
What is the functional group in carboxylic acids?
-COOH
29 of 32
Give two uses of carboxylic acids
1. To make soaps 2. To make esters
30 of 32
What two kinds of substance react together to form an ester?
Alcohol + Carboxylic acid
31 of 32
What catalyst is used in the formation of esters?
An acid catalyst
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Give two reasons why Newlands' Octaves were criticised
Back
1. He mixed up metals and non-metals 2. His groups contained elements that didn't share similar properties
Card 3
Front
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his Table of Elements?
Back
Card 4
Front
How is the group number and the number of electrons in the outer shell related?
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