Revision Cards - Biology - 1 and 2

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  • Created by: Hinges
  • Created on: 01-08-20 15:04
Nucleus
Contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell. Genetic material is arranged into chromosomes.
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Cytoplasm
Gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. Contains enzymes that control the chemical reactions.
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Cell membrane
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
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Mitochondria
Most of the reactions for the respiration take place.
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Ribosomes
Involved in the translation of the genetic material in the protein synthesis
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Vacuole
Contains cell sap, a weak solution of salts and sugar. It maintains the internal pressure to support the wall
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Chloroplast
This is where the photosynthesis occurs, making food for the plant. Contains chlorophyll
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Flagellum
Long hair like structure that rotates to make the bacteria move. Also used to keep the bacteria away from the toxins
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What are the structures that plant cells have but not animal cells
Cell wall, Vacuole, Choloroplast
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Difference between plant/animal cells and bacterial cells
No nucleus. The chromosomal DNAs float free in the cytoplasm (not in the nucleaus). It has flagella.
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What is the function of sperm cells
Transport male DNA's to the female egg
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Breakdown of carbohydrate yields?
Simple sugars
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Breakdown of protein yields?
Amino acids
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Name a process used in growth of plants but not in animals
Cell elongation
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How the plant grows by elongation process?
Cell elongation makes the plant cells expand and the plant grows
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What does the term haploid mean
Cell containing half no of chromosomes
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Give 2 examples of haploid cells
Sperm cell, Egg cell
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What are cilia
Hairlike structures on top surface of the cell of organs
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What part of an enzyme make it specific to a substrate
Active site
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Define diffusion
Net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration
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Define Osmosis
Net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable from a higher area of concentration to area of lower concentration
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Define Active Transport
Movement of particles across a membrane against a concentration gradient using energy transferred during respiration
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Osmosis - percentage change formula
Percent change = (final mass - initial mass) * 100/ initial mass
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What's the process thats used for the growth in plants but not in animals
Cell elongation
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How plants grow by cell elongation
Cell elongation makes the plant's cell expand so that cell get bigger and plant grows
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Cell membrane - function
1. Holds the cell together 2. controls what goes out and what goes in
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Stem cell
Undifferentiated cells are called stem cells
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Meristems - what are they ? where are they found?
1. Cell division in plants occurs in regions called meristems 2. Found in roots and shoots of a plant
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Synapse
Connection between two neurons
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Why are reflexes faster than the normal response
Because the brain/you don't have to think about it
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Give the equation for image size with microscope
image size = magnification * real size
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Give the equation for rate of reaction (enzyme)
First calculate the amount of product formed = change. Rate of reaction = change / time
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Give the equation for Osmosis percent change
Percent change = (final mass - initial mass) *100 /initial mass
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Name 2 structures found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Ribosomes, Cell membrane
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Name structures that are in eukaryotic cells only
Flagellum, Plasmid DNA, Chromosomal DNA
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What are the factors affecting rate of reaction of an enzyme
1. Temperature 2.pH 3. Substrate concentration
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4 stages of mitosis
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
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Major illnesses that can be caused by the uncontrolled cell division
Cancer
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Role of neurotransmitter
These are the chemicals that transfer the nerve signal. They set off a new electrical signal in the next neuron.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. Contains enzymes that control the chemical reactions.

Back

Cytoplasm

Card 3

Front

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Most of the reactions for the respiration take place.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Involved in the translation of the genetic material in the protein synthesis

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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