revision 3.0

?
  • Created by: noueux
  • Created on: 29-05-19 12:10
Underdevelopment
"We must embark on a new program for making the benefits of our scientific advances and industrial growth available for the improvements and growth of underdeveloped areas" (Truman, Inaugural Address - 1949)
1 of 28
Modernisation Theory
Modernisation theorists like Rostow highlight that there is linear progression through economic growth and it is universal blueprint; thus, industrialisation and economic growth will lead to development (path of powerful, only path)
2 of 28
Dependency Theory
Easier exploitation of poorer nations due to colonisation; notion that resources flow from a periphery of poor/underdeveloped states to core of rich states / who to blame? neoliberal embedded in structure
3 of 28
Failure of Development?
"Over past 50 yrs, rich nations given $1trillion in aid to poor states; this sum has failed to improve its intended beneficiaries. Poor nations that receive aid dont do any better than those who dont receive" (Economist,1999) - Not well distributed
4 of 28
Failure of Development quote
"As for back as 1980 that structural inequalities were constraint to development" (Brandt)
5 of 28
Post-development
One size fits all model for development = problematic / structure of international development as key problem, they portray targeted communities as passive victims + this necessary to support their continuous failing discourse
6 of 28
Development - States
States are ultimately responsible for their own development; Westphalian model: states have own jurisdiction within their territory (emphasis on sovereignty) = lost due to globalisation and entrance of new actors
7 of 28
Development -Institutions
Sum of member states: They representative of different interests and voting power often linked to contribution,thus richest = most power/ highly influential: have power to make rules of international engagement(PRSP)/stand as united front
8 of 28
Delopment Contradictions
Presented as poverty reduction but part of foreign policy (key pillar in US foreign policy, Obama 2010) - creates competition to be most needy (victimisation to attract) + aid awarded by adherence to conditionalities (support for neoliberalism)
9 of 28
Development: Where it has helped?
India National Rural Livelihood Project: World Bank invested $1.5bn since 1999 = wp,em encouraged to form self-help groups and get funding from gov/family farmers achieved 20%higher prices through marketing+improved techniques (Madhya Pradesh)
10 of 28
Development - Case Study
Zambia; Decolonised since 1964; Structure adjustment programme 1983-5 but Kaunda left it in 1987 (social hardships=riots) but 1989; new package with IMF; maize prices increased threefold
11 of 28
Global Inequality
Levels most extreme in Africa; 5 most unequal countries there - measured by Gini-Coefficent index: value between 0 and 1 where 0 is completely equal and 1 is completely unequal E.G. denmark 0.24/Namibia 0.74
12 of 28
Neoliberalism and Inequality
Attraction for foreign investment encourages race to the bottom to be competitive but dangerous conditions/lower environmental standards (unregulated) + thus culture of low wages etc creates intra state inequality (voluntourism)
13 of 28
Inequality quote
"Politics have shaped the market and shaped it in ways that advantages the top at expense of the rest" (Stiglitz, 2012)
14 of 28
Food Security
"When all people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient safe food to meet their dietary needs for a healthy life" 1996; World Food Summit = traded according to free market economics/interests of effiency
15 of 28
Food Sovereignty
"Right of all peoples to healthy appropriate food produced through ecologically sustainable methods and having the right to define their own foods system; putting those who produce at heart of food systems" (La Via Campesina 1996)
16 of 28
Global food policies
Committee on World Food Security (UN platform for food security); alternative governance model for decision making on global issues beyond consultation of states/institutions but no food sovereignty perspective
17 of 28
Loss of diversity
declining number of crops due to focus on cereal production; 50,000 known edible crops but only 3% make up 60% of world calorie intake (maize,rice and wheat)= smallholder farmers have to adapt (suicides) but open source seeds = food sovereignty/solut
18 of 28
Sustainable Development
Development that meets the needs of the present w/o compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (Brundtland Commission 1987)
19 of 28
Threat/Barriers to Sustainable Develop.
Climate Change; "inevitable+urgent global challenge w/ long term applications for the sustainable development of all countries" (UN)
20 of 28
Political Developments 2014
1. UN held Climate Summit in Sept; Oct, EU agreed new targets to cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 40% by 2030 2. Countries pledged $10bn to Green Climate Fund to help poor nations' emissions
21 of 28
Sustainable Development quote; China+US
"For nearly 1/4 of a century, China+US have been the 2 road blocs to global agreement on climate change" BUT, Nov 2014, joint climate change agreement = China; slow+stop emissions by 2030/US; reduce emissions by 28% by 2025
22 of 28
Turning Point?
Practical implementation required; "long way short of the giant leap required to tackle climate change" (Friends of the Earth)/ commitments to change only tackle environmental regulation = no change to economic models/trade policy/ pointless? China
23 of 28
Development + Sustainability
Sustainable outcomes focus on economic stability rather than environment; becomes more aligned with economics of managing environment /focus on lifestyle/luxury emissions; not survival emissions +market based solutions rather than grassroot solutions
24 of 28
Global Green Agenda
UN Conference on Sustainable Development on 2012 (RIO+20) = "Future We Want document to inform future global progress + change to MDG to Sustainable Development Goals BUT failure of heads of state appearance
25 of 28
Why Environment destruction in Third World
Poverty as driver for destruction; poor nations increasing climate change budget puts health+education spending at risk + distance of destruction from consumers = displacement of responsibilities from domestic policy
26 of 28
Role of TNCs
Royal Dutch Shell operation in Nigeria caused an oil spill with significant damage; UN said 30yrs to clean up damage + in Zambia; 200k hectares of forest per year by TNC = same in Brazil (80k a day)
27 of 28
Conclusion of Sustainable Development
Continues to be a subordination of environmental concerns to economic ones
28 of 28

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Modernisation theorists like Rostow highlight that there is linear progression through economic growth and it is universal blueprint; thus, industrialisation and economic growth will lead to development (path of powerful, only path)

Back

Modernisation Theory

Card 3

Front

Easier exploitation of poorer nations due to colonisation; notion that resources flow from a periphery of poor/underdeveloped states to core of rich states / who to blame? neoliberal embedded in structure

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

"Over past 50 yrs, rich nations given $1trillion in aid to poor states; this sum has failed to improve its intended beneficiaries. Poor nations that receive aid dont do any better than those who dont receive" (Economist,1999) - Not well distributed

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

"As for back as 1980 that structural inequalities were constraint to development" (Brandt)

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Government & Politics resources:

See all Government & Politics resources »See all kdfgs resources »