Traces of changes in the Earth’s magnetic field in the alignment of magnetic minerals in sedimentary and igneous rock
Palaeomagnetism
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The layer in the Earth’s mantle below the lithosphere. The high temperatures cause the rocks to soften and become viscous meaning that they can easily deform
Asthenosphere
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Layer in the Earth’s mantle above the asthenosphere together with the crust which is divided into a series of tectonic plates. It is rigid and is moved by the flows of semi-molten rock in the asthenosphere
Lithosphere
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The boundary between two diverging oceanic plates. It consists of two parallel chains of submarine mountains separated by a graben, and offset in places by transform faults
Mid-ocean ridge
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The Earth's innermost part. It is primarily a solid ball composed of an iron–nickel alloy and some other elements.
Inner core
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The relatively thick part of the earth's crust which forms the large land masses.
Continental crust
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Large-scale faults in the crust at right angles to a mid-ocean ridge, which range from a few tens of kilometres to several hundred. Earthquakes occur along their lengths as they slip
Transform faults
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A slab of the Earth’s lithosphere and crust
Tectonic plate
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The mantle is a layer inside a terrestrial planet and some other rocky planetary bodies.
Mantle
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Sediment that is dropped by glaciers
Glacial deposits
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The part of the plate boundary that collides
Collision boundary
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Lateral movement of new oceanic crust away from a mid-ocean ridge. A key process in the theory of continental drift.
Sea-floor spreading
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A change in the Earth's magnetic field resulting in the magnetic north being aligned with the geographic south, and the magnetic south being aligned with the geographic north.
Magnetic reversal
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A liquid layer about 2,260 km thick composed of iron and nickel which lies above the Earth's solid inner core and below its mantle.
Outer core
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Occurs where plates slide past each other in opposite directions, or in the same direction but at different speeds.
Conservative plate boundary
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A tectonic boundary where two plates are moving toward each other. If the two plates are of equal density, they usually push up against each other, forming a mountain chain. If they are of unequal density, one plate usually sinks beneath the other in
Convergent plate boundary
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A tectonic boundary where two plates are moving away from each other and new crust is forming from magma that rises to the Earth's surface between the two plates.
Divergent plate boundary
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The relatively thin part of the earth's crust which underlies the ocean basins.
Oceanic crust
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When the crust becomes molten called magma. This may be forced to the surface of the earth causing a volcanic eruption.
Crust destructive plate boundary
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The continents fit together like puzzle pieces
Continental fit
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Folding, faulting, volcanic activity, igneous intrusion and metamorphism can all be parts of the orogenic process of mountain building.
Mountain building
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A current in a fluid that results from convection. Occur in the mantle under the earth’s crust
Convection currents
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A theory that explained how continents shift position on Earth's surface. Set forth in 1912 by Alfred Wegener, a geophysicist and meteorologist, continental drift also explained why look-alike animal and plant fossils, and similar rock formations, ar
Theory of continental drift
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The layer in the Earth’s mantle below the lithosphere. The high temperatures cause the rocks to soften and become viscous meaning that they can easily deform
Back
Asthenosphere
Card 3
Front
Layer in the Earth’s mantle above the asthenosphere together with the crust which is divided into a series of tectonic plates. It is rigid and is moved by the flows of semi-molten rock in the asthenosphere
Back
Card 4
Front
The boundary between two diverging oceanic plates. It consists of two parallel chains of submarine mountains separated by a graben, and offset in places by transform faults
Back
Card 5
Front
The Earth's innermost part. It is primarily a solid ball composed of an iron–nickel alloy and some other elements.
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