All living things (humans/animals/plants) that live on the Earth's crust.
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What is the geosphere?
Also called the Lithosphere. Includes the inside of the planet (mantle/core/plate movements)
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What is the atmosphere?
The sky which contains a mixture of gases (greenhouse gases) which are essential for life on Earth.
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What are the layers of the Earth's structue?
Crust, Upper mantle, Lower Mantle, Outer Core and Inner Core.
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What is the aesthonosphere?
Upper layer of the Earth's mantle below the crust and where convection currents occur.
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At what depth is the continental crust?
30-50kms
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At what depth is the oceanic crust?
6-10kms.
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What are convection currents?
Heat rising and falling inside the mantle creates convection currents generated by radioactive decay in the core. The convection currents move the plates.
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What causes convection currents?
Heat rising and falling inside the mantle creates convection currents generated by radioactive decay in the core.
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What is the continental crust?
Carries the land
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What is the oceanic crust?
Carries the ocean.
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What are 2 differences between the oceanic and continental crust?
The continental crust is less dense then the oceanic crust. The continental crust is made mostly of granite and the oceanic is basalt.
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Why does the oceanic crust subduct underneath the continental crust?
The oceanic crust is more dense due to the ocean on top of it, causing it to subduct underneath the continental crust.
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What causes plate tectonics to move?
Convection currents
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Where are most of the world's active volcanoes located?
Along plate tectonic boundaries (Ring of Fire)
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What is a constructive plate boundary?
Plates move apart. (Shield Volcanoes)
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What is a destructive plate boundary?
Plates move towards each other (subduction zone) (Volcanoes/Earthquakes)
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What is a collision plate boundary?
Plates push together. (Fold Mountains)
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What is a conservative plate boundary?
Plates slide past one another. (Earthquakes)
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What are 2 features of a shield volcano?
Lava flows easily and not very steep.
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What are 2 features of a composite volcano?
Very steep and found at destructive plate boundaries.
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How do scientists predict a volcanic eruption?
Seismometers are used to detect earthquakes.
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How to prepare for a volcanic eruption?
creating an exclusion zone around the volcano being ready and able to evacuate residents. funds need to be available to deal with the emergency and a good communication system needs to be in place.
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What were 2 primary impacts of the Montserrat Eruption?
2/3 of island covered in ash and 23 people died in 1997.
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What were 2 secondary impacts of the Montserrat eruption?
Created an exclusion zone and thousands of residents migrated due to the dangers of the volcano.
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Why do people live near Volcanoes?
Fertile soil and tourism opportunities.
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What is the focus?
Point of origin when an earthquake occurs.
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How do we measure the magnitude of earthquakes?
Richter Scale
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What were 2 primary impacts of the Kobe Earthquake?
35000 people were injured and buildings/bridges collapsed despite being earthquake proof.
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What were 2 short term effects of Kobe Earthquake?
People were evacuated and emergency rations provided.
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What were 2 long term effects of Kobe Earthquake?
Many people moved away from the area permanently
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What were 2 primary impacts of the Haiti Earthquake?
230,000 people killed and 180,000 homes destroyed by the ground shaking.
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What were 2 secondary impacts of the Haiti Earthquake?
2 million people were affected 1.5 million people became homeless.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the biosphere?
Back
All living things (humans/animals/plants) that live on the Earth's crust.
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