Restless Earth

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  • Created by: hollych
  • Created on: 28-11-16 13:15
Name 3 primary impacts of an earthquake.
Building collapse, damage to water pipes, damage to roads.
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Name 3 secondary impacts of an earthquake.
Homelessness, disease spread due to lack of clean water supply, no road access causes a standstill in trade.
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List the features of a composite/strato volcano.
steeply sloping sides, alternate layers of ash and lava, viscous magma - freezes in central vent - pressure build up can lead to infrequent and unpredictable explosions.
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List the features of a sheild volcano.
Gently sloping sides, fluid magma that flows from many fissures, frequent and gentle eruptions.
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How are tsunamis caused?
Large earthquakes/ out sea earthquakes. Large volcanic eruptions.
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Give an example of a composite volcano.
Mt Pinatubo, Philippines. It erupted in June 1991, killing 847 as a result of disease, lahars, and roof collapse.
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Name 3 economic secondary impact of this eruption.
Airport closure. Building collapse as a result of combined natural disasters. Farmland unusable due to ash/mud/water from typhoon destroying the land, crops also failed that year.
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What temperature is the earth's core?
4000-5000 Degrees celcius.
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What is the continental crust composed of? (b) The mantle?
Granite. Asthenosphere - peridotes / mantle - silica based materials.
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What drives tectonic plates?
The movement of convection currents in the mantle caused by the intense heat created by radioactive decay in the core.
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What feature is found at constructive plate margins? (b) Give an example of this type of plate boundary?
Volcanoes (b) The Mid-Atlantic Ocean Ridge.
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What features occur at destructive plate boundaries?
Volcanoes, earthquakes, and fold mountains when the two plates are the same density.
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Give an example of (a) a fold mountain range (b) volacnic arc above a subduction zone.
The Andes, The Philippines
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Name an example of a conservative plate margin.
The San Andreas fault.
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What are the hazards of a volcanic eruption?
Lahars, ash clouds, lava, pyroclastic flow, volcanic gas (lake Nyos cameroon), volcanic bombs.
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Which factors control how destructive an earthquake/volcano is?
The size of the event, the vulnerability of the population, the wealth of the country, how prepared the country is.
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Why are earthquakes more destructive than volcanic eruptions.
More people tend to live in areas where earthquakes occur, volcanic eruptions are easier to predict, the impacts of a earthquake are more destructive.
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Give an example of a shield volcano.
Mauna Loa, Hawaii.
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What depth of earthquake is most catastrophic?
a shallow earthquake.
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Give two details of the earthquake in Port-au-Prince ,Haiti, 2010
It had a mgnitude of 7.0, and it struck at 5pm.
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Give two details of the earthquake in Canterbury, New Zealand, 2010
Magnitude of 7.1, struck at 4.30am
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What were the primary and secondary impacts of the Haiti earthquake?
316,000 deaths, building collapse due to poor housing quality, damage to roads. Lack of clean water led to widespread cholera.
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Why were there no deaths as a result of the earthquake in New Zealand?
Hazrd resistant design, and the time of day.
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Why do earthquakes have less of an impact on MEDCs?
They have the money to prepare for events by building hazard resistant buildings, shelters, and have better developed emergancy services to handle the event.
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What is a dormant volcano?
A volcano that hasn't erupted for a long time.
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List the social and economic impacts of Mt Merapi 2010.
360,000 people evacuated, 275 killed mainly by pyroclastic flows. 570 injured. 1000s living in emergency shelters, flights cancelled, crop failure, decreased tourism, farmland destroyed.
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How can a volcanic eruption be predicted?
Gas emissions, tremors and bulging measured.
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How can an earthquake be prepared for?
Warning systems, evacuation routes, specialist emergency services, disaster kits.
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Give 3 examples of hazard resistant design in developed countries.
Cross bracing to prevent tower blocks from collapsing inwards, deep foundations, structure that allows movement, shock absorbers, shatter resistant glass.
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In developing countries.
Hollow bricks, triangular roofs, pillars, foundation rods, mesh and cement corners.
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Why was the response to the earthquake in Haiti not good enough?
Haiti is a poor country and most of the relif provided was from private charities such The Red Cross and World Vision, money was needed from governments.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Name 3 secondary impacts of an earthquake.

Back

Homelessness, disease spread due to lack of clean water supply, no road access causes a standstill in trade.

Card 3

Front

List the features of a composite/strato volcano.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

List the features of a sheild volcano.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How are tsunamis caused?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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