Responding to the environment - brain and nervous system

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The cerebrum
The largest and most recognisable part of the brain. It is responsible for the elements of the nervous system that are associated with being human, including thought imagination and reasoning
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The cerebellum
Controls the coordinated movement and posture
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The hypothalamus
Controls the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine glands
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The medulla oblongata
Controls the action of smooth muscle in the gut wall, and controls breathing movements and heart rate
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The cerebellum (green at the bottom) contains over half of all the nerve cells in the brain. It plays a key role in coordinating the balance and
Fine movement
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Neurones from the cerebellum (green at the bottom) carry impulses to the motor areas so that motor output to the effectors can be adjusted appropriatley in relation to these requirements, this explains why
We often go into auto pilot when carrying out such activities, they are said to become 'programmed' into the cerebellum
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The outermost layer of the cerebrum is known as the cerebral cortex, which is subdivided into 3 areas
Sensory areas, association areas, motor areas
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The motor areas on the left side of the cerebral cortex control the muscular movements on the
Right hand side of the body
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The central nervous system is made up of the ____________ and is made up of grey matter, billions of non mylinated nerve cells, and white matter, longer myelinated axons and dendrons that carry impulses
Brain and spinal chord
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Sensory neurones carry impulses
From the many receptors in and around the body, to the CNS
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Motor neurones carry impulses
From the CNS to the effector organs
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The motor system is further subdivided into
Somatic - motor neurones carry impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles under voluntary control, and Autonomic - motor neurones carry impulses from the CNS to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle in gut wall and to glands - non voluntary
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The autonomic nervous system is responsible for controling homeostatic mechanisms, regulating internal environment within set parameters and
The system is capable of controlling the heightened responses associated with the stress response
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The autonomic nervous system differs from the somatic nervous system because one is myelinated and the other not
Autonomic neurones are non myelinated, whereas somatic neurones are myelinated
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The autonomic nervous system differs from the somatic nervous system because one comes in two types
Autonomic motor neurones occur in two types, sympathetic and parasympathetic
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Sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation occurs all the time, information from external and internal receptors is fed into the brain continuously and used to alter the balance of stimulation between the two systems in order to
Ensure an appropriate response to all situations
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Parasympathetic neurones are more active
In sleep and relaxation
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Sympathetic neurones are more active in
Times of stress
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Parasympathetic neurones of a pathway are linked at a ganglion _____, so pre ganglionic neurones vary considerable in length
Within the target tissue
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Sympathetic neurones of a pathway are linked at a ganglion _____, so pre ganglionic neurones are very short
Just outside the spinal chord
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Post ganglionic neurones in the _______ nervous system secrete acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter at the synapse between the neurone and effector
Parasympathetic
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Post ganglionic neurones in the ______ nervous system secrete noradrenaline at the synapse between neurone and effector
Sympathetic
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The effects of the action of this nervous system include decreased heart rate, decreased ventilation rate and sexual arousal
Parasympathetic
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The effects of the action of this nervous system include increased heart rate, pulil dilation, increased ventilation rate, and ******
Sympathetic
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The cerebellum

Back

Controls the coordinated movement and posture

Card 3

Front

The hypothalamus

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

The medulla oblongata

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

The cerebellum (green at the bottom) contains over half of all the nerve cells in the brain. It plays a key role in coordinating the balance and

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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