Responding to Symptoms - CVD
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- Created by: LBCW0502
- Created on: 29-12-18 15:51
What are the leading causes of death for both males and females in 2015?
Heart disease, dementia and AD
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What are the 6 lifestyle interventions NICE recommends targeting?
Alcohol intake, diet (total fat intake of <30%, saturated fats <7% of total intake, cholesterol <300 mg/day, have more monounsaturated fats, salt intake), physical activity, weight management, smoking, lipid modification therapy
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How can people be motivated to change their lifestyle?
Use of open questions, readiness, confidence and small steps (signposting - Go Sober, change 4 life, Stoptober, using health monitors such as fitbit etc.)
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Describe features of a Medicines Usage Review for a CVD Target Group
For patients: taking high risk medicines (e.g. anticoagulants), recently discharged from hospital who made changes to their medicines, respiratory disease, at risk of CVD/regularly prescribed 4+ medicines
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What is cholesterol?
A waxy fat carried through the bloodstream by lipoproteins. HDL (good), LDL (bad). HDL is stable and carries LDL away from arteries. LDL sticks to artery walls and contributes to plaque build up
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What are the risk factors and testing for cholesterol?
Risk factors - familial hypercholesteremia, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, obese, diet high in saturated fat, smoking, lack of exercise, high alcohol intake, kidney/liver disease. Testing every 5 years for 12 months, genetics, those with FH
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What are the NICE guidelines for lipid modification?
QRISK, 10 year risk of CVD event, patient choice/lifestyle modifications/statins, avoid medicalisation, lipid modification therapy, non HDL cholesterol, atorvastatin, increased risk of CVD for those >85 years
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What are the lipid measurements for normal limits and increased CVD risk?
Normal 0.5 - 5.0 mmol/l. Increased CVD when cholesterol measurement is >5.0 mmol/l
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What is the mechanism of action for statins?
Normal process - HMG-CoA reductase enables cell to make cholesterol which can be released into the blood. Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase which blocks cholesterol production/lowers levels in the blood
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What are the NICE guidelines for statins?
Atorvastatin is a cost effective option, secondary prevention (high intensity statin), primary prevention (lifestyle modification), for diabetes 1 (2 - QRISK3)
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What are the ADRs of statins?
Muscle effects, liver dysfunction, GI disturbances, sleep disturbance, hypersensitivity (rash), increased diabetes risk, avoid grapefruit juice (drug interaction)
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Describe features of using OTC low dose aspirin
Secondary prevention of thrombotic cerebrovascular and CVD (75mg daily), used after coronary bypass surgery, GSL<32, P 32-100, different formulations
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What is the mechanism of action for aspirin?
Decreases platelet aggregation and inhibits thrombus formation in arterial circulation
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What are the two types of stroke?
Ischemic stroke (clot stops blood supply to an area of the brain) and hemorrhagic stroke (blood leads into brain tissue) - (signs - FAST)
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What are the health risks with obesity?
Cancer, lower life expectancy, hernia, depression, deep vein thrombosis, arthritis, type 2 diabetes, high BP, heart attacks etc.
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Describe features of waist measurement
Use BMI (weight / height squared, in kg/m^2) or waist to hip ratio (body shape e.g. apple to pear)
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Describe features of OTC orlistat
Used for BMI > 28, 18+ years, one 60 mg capsule TDS, take with water, treatment for <6 months, also take multivitamin
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What is metabolic syndrome?
A combination of health issues e.g. high levels of cholesterol, BP, glucose etc.
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Describe features of MI
Heart attack, insufficient oxygen supply, heart muscle dies (risk factors - FH, smoking, diabetes etc.) - signs: sweating, SOB, rapid pulse, nausea etc.
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Describe features of MI differential diagnosis
Chest pain could indicate indigestion, pneumonia etc. - duration, severity, distress, BP etc. (emergency/administer first aid)
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Describe features of the link between heart and lung disease
Healthy gums indicate good heart health (periodontal disease - affects heart and body, link to inflammation)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the 6 lifestyle interventions NICE recommends targeting?
Back
Alcohol intake, diet (total fat intake of <30%, saturated fats <7% of total intake, cholesterol <300 mg/day, have more monounsaturated fats, salt intake), physical activity, weight management, smoking, lipid modification therapy
Card 3
Front
How can people be motivated to change their lifestyle?
Back
Card 4
Front
Describe features of a Medicines Usage Review for a CVD Target Group
Back
Card 5
Front
What is cholesterol?
Back
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