respiratory diseases

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  • Created by: Cal1234
  • Created on: 18-04-19 14:34
what are the five diseases of the URT
nasal discharge, rhinitis, epistaxis, sinusitis, laryngeal paralysis
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what are the 8 diseases of the lower respiratory tract
infectious tracheobronchitis, tracheal collapse, allergic bronchitis, pneumonia, neoplasia, pleural effusion
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what are the 4 causes of nasal discharge
foreign body, rhinitis, sinusitis, neoplasia
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what is the diagnosis if nasal discharge
type and location of discharge, bacterial C+S, radiograph, rhinoscopy
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what is the nursing care of a nasal discharge patient
appetite stimulation, clean discharge, nebulization
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what is rhinitis
inflammation +/- infection of nasal cavity
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what are the causes of rhinitis
infection - viral, bacterial (bordetella), fungal (aspergillosis), allergies
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what are the 5 clinical signs of rhinitis
sneezing, increased URT noise, nasal discharge, gaging, coughing
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what is epistaxis
haemmorhage from nasal passages
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5 causes of epistaxis
trauma, foreign bodies, neoplasia, bleeding disorder, aspergillposis
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treatment of epistaxis
apply pressure, cold compress, adrenaline, acepromazine, vit k if bleeding disorder
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what is sinusitis
inflammation +/- infection of paranasal sinuses, purulent material accumulates in frontal and/or maxillary sinuses
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4 causes of sinusitis
viral +/- secondary bacterial infection, allergies, tooth root accesses, aspergillus
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3 signs of sinusitis
pain, sneezing, nasal discharge
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treatment of sinusitis
antibiotics if secondary bacterial infection, dental extraction, flushing/topical treatment if aspergillus
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what is the pathophysiology of laryngeal paralysis
chronic progressive condition affecting laryngeal nerve, paralysis of muscles of vocal folds, lateral retraction of arteynoid cartilage during inspiration not possible, causes airway obstruction
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what breeds are predisposed
large breeds - great danes, labradors
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7 signs of laryngeal paralysis
inspiratory rasping/sawing noise, coughing, reduced appetite, reduced exercise tolerance, dyspnoea, gagging/dysphagia, altered phonotation, collapse
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diagnosis of laryngeal paralysis
visualization under GA, horses-dynamic endoscopy
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treatment of laryngeal paralysis
weight management, avoid stress, oxygen therapy, sedation, tracheostomy, surgical treatment via tieback (unilateral arytenoid lateralisation)
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4 causes of infectious tracheobronchitis
canine adenovirus 2, canine parainfluenza virus, bordetella bronchisepta, secondary bacterial infectious e.g. e.coli
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5 signs of infectious trahceobronchitis
non-productive hacking cough, usually systemically well, sever cases may get pyrexia, lethargy, nasal discharge and productive cough
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treatment of canine infectious tracheobronchitis
keep away from other dogs, usually self limiting, rest until coughing resolves
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what is the pathophysiology of tracheal collapse
chronic, progressive weakening of cartilage rings, stretching of dorsal trachealis muscle causes this to be sucked in during inspiration, may occur in cervical or thoracic regions of trachea
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what breeds are predisposed and at risk
small breeds, overweight increases risk
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6 signs of tracheal collapse
goose honking cough, inspiratory noise, exercise intolerance, dyspnoea, cyanosis, syncope
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diagnosis of tracheal collapse
radiography, fluoroscopy, endoscopy
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treatment of tracheal collapse
weight loss, anti tussives, referral for stents or rings
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what is allergic bronchitis also known as
feline asthma
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what breeds is allergic bronchitis more common in
siamese and himalayans
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what is the physiopathology of allergic bronchitis
accumulation of inflammatory cells and mucous in airways accompanied by bronchoconstriciton
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4 signs of allergic bronchitis
coughing, wheezing, dyspnoea, tachypnoea
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diagnosis of allergic bronchitis
radiography, bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage BAL
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treatment of allergic bronchitis
inhalers - corticosteroids, bronchodilators
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what is pneumonia
inflammation of the lungs and airway
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5 cause of pneumonia
bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic (angiostrongylus), aspiration
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5 signs of pneumonia
coughing, pyrexia, dyspnoea, lethargy, anorexia
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diagnosis of pneumonia
radiography, BAL
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treatment of pneumonia
treat underlying cause if possible, supportive
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what is plural effusion
collection of pleural fluid within pleural space surrounding lungs, puts pressure on lungs, restricting breathing and may cause lung collapse
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3 signs of pleural effusion
dyspnoea, orthopnoea (dyspnoea when recumbent), paradoxical breathing (abdomen goes in when chest expands during inhalation)
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diagnosis of pleural effusion
thoracic auscultation - dull chest and heart sounds, radiography - conscious sternal recumbency, thoracocentesis
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treatment of pleural effusion
oxygen therapy, thoracocentesis
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what are the two types of pulmonary neoplasia
primary lung tumours - rare , secondary metastases - more common
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3 primary lung tumours
adenocarcinoma, bronchoalveolar carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma
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5 sings of secondary metastases
chronic and progressive, cough, weight loss, anorexia, lethargy and exercise intolerance
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what are the 8 diseases of the lower respiratory tract

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infectious tracheobronchitis, tracheal collapse, allergic bronchitis, pneumonia, neoplasia, pleural effusion

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what are the 4 causes of nasal discharge

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what is the diagnosis if nasal discharge

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what is the nursing care of a nasal discharge patient

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