Respiration

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  • Created by: syaqub18
  • Created on: 17-04-15 17:43
What coenzymes are used in respiration?
NAD, Coenzyme A and FAD
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what is the job of NAD and FAD in respiration?
to transfer hydrogen from one molecule to another
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what is the job of coenzyme A?
to transfer acetate
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what are the stages of aerobic respiration?
glycolysis, link reaction, krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
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where does glycolysis take place?
in the cytoplasm
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what happens in glycolysis?
glucose is phosphorylated by 2 ATP to make 2 TP, TP is then oxidised forming 2 pyruvate (loses hydrogen), NAD collects hydrogren to make 2 reduced NAD, produces- 2 pyruvate, 2 reduced NAD and net gain of 2 ATP
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where does the link reaction occur?
in the mitochondria
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what happens in the link reaction?
pyruvate is decarboxylated (one carbon atom removed) in the form of CO2, NAD is reduced collects hydrogen from pyruvate changing it in to acetate, acetate joins with coenzyme A to give Acetyl CoA, produces- Reduced NAD, Acetyl CoA and CO2
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Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
In the matrix of the mitochondria
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What happens in the first stage of the Krebs cycle?
Acetyl CoA from link reaction combines with oxaloacetate to form cirate, Coenyme A goes back to the link reaction
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what happens in the second stage of the Krebs cycle?
6 carbon cirate is converted to a 5 carbon molecule by decarboxylation where CO2 is removed and dehydrogenation where the hydrogen is used to produce Reduced NAD
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What happens in the third stage of the Krebs cycle?
oxaloacetate is regenerated 5 carbon molecule is converted to a 4 carbon one via decarboxylation and dehydrogenation producing one Reduced FAD and 2 reduced NAD, ATP is produced by substrate-level phosphorylayion
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what are the products of the Krebs cycle?
1 coenzyme A, oxaloacetate, 2 CO2, 1 ATP, 3 reduced NAD, 1 reduced FAD
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what two processes does oxidative phosphorylation involve?
electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
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what happens in the electron transport chain part of oxidative phosphorylation?
hydrogen released by reduced NAD and reduced FAD, hydrogen split into electrons and H+, electrons move down electron transport chain losing energy, energy used to pump H+ from matrix in to intermembrane space to form a proton gradient
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what happens in the chemiosmosis part of oxidative phosphorylation?
H+ move down electrochemical gradient back into matrix via ATP synthase, movement joins ADP and Pi to form ATP, movement of H+ across a membrane is chemiosmosis, at the end in the matrix, H+, electrons and oxygen from blood form water.
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how many times does the link reaction and Krebs cycle occur for one glucose molecule?
twice
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what stage occurs in anaerobic respiration and why?
glycolysis because it doesn't need oxygen
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which organisms does alcohol fermentation take place in?
yeast and plants
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what is the pathway and products of alcohol fermentation?
pyruvate----ethanal----ethanol products- ethanol, CO2 and NAD
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Which organisms does lactate fermentation take place in?
animal cells and some bacteria
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what is the pathway and products of lactate fermentation?
pyruvate----lactate products- lactate and NAD
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is the job of NAD and FAD in respiration?

Back

to transfer hydrogen from one molecule to another

Card 3

Front

what is the job of coenzyme A?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what are the stages of aerobic respiration?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

where does glycolysis take place?

Back

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