Describe the role of coenzymes in aerobic respiration and photosynthesis.
NAD,FAD and NADP accept H to make NADH,FADH and NADPH. NADH/FADH carry electrons and H+ to ETC.NADPH carries H to LIS. Coenzyme A carries acetate to Krebs cycle.
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Why does anaerobic respiration give less ATP than aerobic?
Glycolysis occurs -2ATP produced.Only substrate level phosphorylation occurs.O2 not available as final electron acceptor.Pyruvate/ethanal regenerates NAD for glycolysis to continue. Krebs,ETC, link etc don't occur
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Why does aerobic respiration yield less than the theoretical maximum?
Some ATP used to actively transport pyruvate into mitochondria. Some ATP actively transports NADH into mitochondrion.Some released as heat in ETC. Not all H+ moved through ATP synthase.
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Outline the consequences of inefficient transfer of pyruvate to the mitochondria,
Less pyruvate for link.link and Krebs cannot take place. Only glycolysis can occur. No oxidative phosphorylation. Less ATP for muscle contraction-weakness.Less ATP for mental processes. Anaerobic respiration takes place. Lactate= aching muscles.
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The anaerobic respiration pathway can be reversed, in yeast it cannot.Explain why.
Animals- pyruvate redeuced to lactate reversible as no other products formed or atoms lost.Lactate dehydrogenase reverses reaction.Yeast-pyruvate converted to ethanal and CO2 then ethanol.cant be reversed as CO2 atoms lost.
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Describe the fate of pyruvate in anaerobic respiration and describe its importance in an animal cell.
Pyruvate converted to lactate. Pyruvate accepts H from NADH catalysed by lactate dehydrogenase. No O2 to act as final electron acceptor-link Krebs etc don't occur. NAD regenerated and reused to allow glycolysis to continue.Some ATP produced.
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Outline the process of glycolysis
Phosphorylation of glucose forming hexose 1,6 bisphosphate, Splits to triose phosphate.TP oxidised to from NADH and pyruvate. Net production 2ATP?
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Why does anaerobic respiration give less ATP than aerobic?
Back
Glycolysis occurs -2ATP produced.Only substrate level phosphorylation occurs.O2 not available as final electron acceptor.Pyruvate/ethanal regenerates NAD for glycolysis to continue. Krebs,ETC, link etc don't occur
Card 3
Front
Why does aerobic respiration yield less than the theoretical maximum?
Back
Card 4
Front
Outline the consequences of inefficient transfer of pyruvate to the mitochondria,
Back
Card 5
Front
The anaerobic respiration pathway can be reversed, in yeast it cannot.Explain why.
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