Resource management
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- Created by: Iona112
- Created on: 15-12-21 16:51
What are resources?
- a stock or supply of something that has value or purpose
- 3 most important are food, energy & water
- respires are unevenly distributed across the world
- Most HICs have plentiful supplies but most LICs lack resources & struggle
- 3 most important are food, energy & water
- respires are unevenly distributed across the world
- Most HICs have plentiful supplies but most LICs lack resources & struggle
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food
- how much you eat and the food's nutritional value affects health
- 2 bill suffer from malnutrition, can result in a many illnesses
- has economic effects, less food= people less productive= less contribution to countries development
- obesity is also
- 2 bill suffer from malnutrition, can result in a many illnesses
- has economic effects, less food= people less productive= less contribution to countries development
- obesity is also
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How many calories do you need a day
- according to The World Health Organisation (WHO) we need 2000-2400
- over 1 bill of the world fall below this level and are malnourished
- over 1 bill of the world fall below this level and are malnourished
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water
- quality & quantity of water are important
- vital for crops, food supply & health
- UN estimates that by 2025, 50 countries will be facing water scarcity
- LICs use higher proportion on water fro agriculture, in HICs most with industry
- vital for crops, food supply & health
- UN estimates that by 2025, 50 countries will be facing water scarcity
- LICs use higher proportion on water fro agriculture, in HICs most with industry
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why is water scarcity increasing
- population growth
- variations in climate & rainfall
- water needs to be captured and stored in Reservoirs, or taken from rivers or aquifers deep underground
- these are by expensive & require high levels of investment
- variations in climate & rainfall
- water needs to be captured and stored in Reservoirs, or taken from rivers or aquifers deep underground
- these are by expensive & require high levels of investment
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energy
- required for economic development
- energy is traded worldwide
- energy consumption increasing as world becomes more developed & demand increases
- as NEEs become more industrialised, demand for energy increases & energy trading patterns will changin
- energy is traded worldwide
- energy consumption increasing as world becomes more developed & demand increases
- as NEEs become more industrialised, demand for energy increases & energy trading patterns will changin
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how is the demand for food changing in the UK
- By 2037 the population of the uk will be 73 mill, demand for food will increase
- UK has a efficient & productive faming sector but UK not self-sufficient for food supplies
- UK imports abt 40% of its total food consumed & this is increasing
- UK has a efficient & productive faming sector but UK not self-sufficient for food supplies
- UK imports abt 40% of its total food consumed & this is increasing
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Why does the UK import so much food
- UK produced food is expensive as poor harvest & price of animal feed
- demand for more choice & more exotic foods
- demand for seasonal produce all year round
- climate unsuitable for production of lots of foods
- Availability of cheaper food from abroa
- demand for more choice & more exotic foods
- demand for seasonal produce all year round
- climate unsuitable for production of lots of foods
- Availability of cheaper food from abroa
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what is the impact of importing food
- transporting food by air is very expensive
- adds to our carbon footprint due to the commercial cultivation & transport by planes and lorries
- adds to our carbon footprint due to the commercial cultivation & transport by planes and lorries
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Importing high-value foods:
vegetables from Kenya
vegetables from Kenya
- growing vegetables like mange-tout is Kenya's biggest source of income but cost of air freight to keep produce fresh is very high
- UK customers prepared to pay higher prices for vegetables when they are not in season in the UK
- UK customers prepared to pay higher prices for vegetables when they are not in season in the UK
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how is the UK responding to the challenges
- concern about UK's dependency on food imports & the need for more food security
- growing interest in locally sourced food to reduce co2
- ppl encouraged to eat seasonal foods sourced in UK
trends in the UK farming are
- agribusiness
- organic produce
- growing interest in locally sourced food to reduce co2
- ppl encouraged to eat seasonal foods sourced in UK
trends in the UK farming are
- agribusiness
- organic produce
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Agribusiness
intensive farming aimed at maximising the amount of food produced.
Farms are run as commercial businesses, they have high levels of investment & use modern technology & chemicals
Farms are run as commercial businesses, they have high levels of investment & use modern technology & chemicals
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Organic produce
grown without the use of chemicals.
Organic food has become increasingly popular although higher labour costs often make it more expensive
associated with buying local produce & producing seasonal foods
Organic food has become increasingly popular although higher labour costs often make it more expensive
associated with buying local produce & producing seasonal foods
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An example of an agribusiness
- Lynford House Farm
- large arable farm of 570 ha
- it has high inputs of chemicals, machinery & other investment
- large arable farm of 570 ha
- it has high inputs of chemicals, machinery & other investment
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How land is used to maximise crop growth at Lynford house farm
- flat fertile land, intensively farmed to maximise productivity & profitability
- main crops are wheat & potatoes, suited to fertile soils & warm sunny climates
- main crops are wheat & potatoes, suited to fertile soils & warm sunny climates
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How are chemicals, machinery & other methods used to maximise crop growth at Lynford house farm
- chemicals are widely used as pesticides & fertilisers
- machinery costs are high but make farm efficient, only employs a small number of workers
- farm has invested in a 54 mill litre reservoir to tackle frequent water shortages in this dry area
- machinery costs are high but make farm efficient, only employs a small number of workers
- farm has invested in a 54 mill litre reservoir to tackle frequent water shortages in this dry area
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An example of an organic farm
Riverford Organic farms
- delivers boxes of vegetables around the uk from its regional farms in Devon, Yorkshire, Peterborough & Hampshire
- delivers boxes of vegetables around the uk from its regional farms in Devon, Yorkshire, Peterborough & Hampshire
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benefits of Riverford Organic Farms
- reduce food miles
- support local farmers
- provide local employment
- build a strong link between grower and consumer
- support local farmers
- provide local employment
- build a strong link between grower and consumer
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what are the demands for water in the UK
- almost 50% of the UK's water is used domestically
- 21% is wasted through leakage
- the environment agency estimates that by 2020 the demand for water in the UK will rise by 5%
- 21% is wasted through leakage
- the environment agency estimates that by 2020 the demand for water in the UK will rise by 5%
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reason for demand of water increasing in the UK
- population growing
- more houses being built
- an increase in the use of water-intensive domestic appliances
- more houses being built
- an increase in the use of water-intensive domestic appliances
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how far does the UK's water supply meet demand
- the N & W of the UK has a water surplus as there is high rainfalls, lower evaporation rates & plenty of potential reservoir sites
- the S & E have a water deficit, it's the most densely populate part of the country & has lowest annual rainfall
- the S & E have a water deficit, it's the most densely populate part of the country & has lowest annual rainfall
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main sources of water in the UK
- rivers, reservoirs & groundwater aquifers
- The UK currently receives enough rain to supply the demand but rain doesn't always fall where it is most needed
- The UK currently receives enough rain to supply the demand but rain doesn't always fall where it is most needed
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water surplus
where supply exceeds demand
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water deficit
where demand exceeds supply
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water stress
- where demand exceeds supply
- experienced in more than 1/2 of England
- SE England ranks very low in the world in terms of water availability
- situation is made worse in times of drought
- experienced in more than 1/2 of England
- SE England ranks very low in the world in terms of water availability
- situation is made worse in times of drought
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how can water be saved
- use of domestic water meters
- increasing the use of recycled water
- an increase in the use of water-intensive domestic appliances
- increasing the use of recycled water
- an increase in the use of water-intensive domestic appliances
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how low- income countries use water
-10% industrial use
- 8% domestic use
- 82% agricultural use
- 8% domestic use
- 82% agricultural use
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how high-income
- 30% agricultural use
- 59% industrial use
- 11% domestic use
- 59% industrial use
- 11% domestic use
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domestic water use in the UK
- 12% other uses
- 5% leaks
- 7% kitchen sink & dishwasher
- 12% showering
- 14% clothes washing
- 30% toilet flushing
- 20% bathing
- 5% leaks
- 7% kitchen sink & dishwasher
- 12% showering
- 14% clothes washing
- 30% toilet flushing
- 20% bathing
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water demand in the UK
- 14% other
- 5% manufacturing
- 13% services
- 21% leakage
- 47% households
- 5% manufacturing
- 13% services
- 21% leakage
- 47% households
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recycling waste water
- waste water from people's homes can be recycled & put to good use
- it can be used to irrigate both food & non-food plants
- the phosphorus & nitrogen in the water are an excellent source of nutrients
- it can be used to irrigate both food & non-food plants
- the phosphorus & nitrogen in the water are an excellent source of nutrients
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water transfer in the UK
- in 2006 the gov proposed to establish a water grid to transfer water from areas of water surplus to areas of water deficit.
- the enormous cost of the project has stopped it happening
- currently water only transferred by 4 rivers such as the Tee
- the enormous cost of the project has stopped it happening
- currently water only transferred by 4 rivers such as the Tee
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disadvantages of water transfer
- the effect on the land & wildlife- river habitats would need to be protected
- high costs involved
- greenhouse gases released in the process of pumping water over long distances
- high costs involved
- greenhouse gases released in the process of pumping water over long distances
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managing water quality in the UK
The environment Agency manages river quality by
- monitoring the quality of river water
- filtering water to remove sediment
- purifying water by adding chlorine
- restricting recreational use of water sources
- strict regulations on the uses of water
- monitoring the quality of river water
- filtering water to remove sediment
- purifying water by adding chlorine
- restricting recreational use of water sources
- strict regulations on the uses of water
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Causes of deterioration of groundwater sources
- many groundwater sources have deteriorated from of pollution due to:
- leaching from old underground mine workings
- discharge from industrial sites
- runoff from chemical fertilisers used on farmland
- water used for cooling in power stations released
- leaching from old underground mine workings
- discharge from industrial sites
- runoff from chemical fertilisers used on farmland
- water used for cooling in power stations released
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how is the UK's energy demand changing
- despite increasing demand fro electricity energy consumption has fallen in recent years
- mainly due to the decline of heavy industry & improved energy conservation
- 60% fall in energy use by industry & 12% fall in domestic energy use
- mainly due to the decline of heavy industry & improved energy conservation
- 60% fall in energy use by industry & 12% fall in domestic energy use
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energy use in the UK in 1990
- 3/4 of the UK's energy came from coal & oil
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energy use in the UK in 2007
- equal mix of coal, gas & nuclear
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energy use in the UK 2014
- renewable sources such as wind & solar are becoming more important
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reasons for energy consumption decreasing
- low-energy appliances
- better building insulation
- more fuel efficient cars
- better building insulation
- more fuel efficient cars
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kenyan famers
- Kenyan farmers only get a fraction of the profit, - 2/3 are casual labourers with no job security or benefits & are paid very little
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how has the UK's energy mix changed
- By 2020 the UK aims to meet 15% of its energy requirement from renewable sources
- no longer self sufficient in energy, by 2020 the UK is likely to be importing 75% of its energy
- decline of coal
- energy security is affected as dependent on imports
- no longer self sufficient in energy, by 2020 the UK is likely to be importing 75% of its energy
- decline of coal
- energy security is affected as dependent on imports
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why is the UK no longer self-sufficient in energy
- about 75% of the UK's known oil & natural gas reserves have been exhausted
- 2/3 of UK gas reserves remain & oil remains in less accessible oil fields
- oil production has declined by 6% per year during the last decade
- 2/3 of UK gas reserves remain & oil remains in less accessible oil fields
- oil production has declined by 6% per year during the last decade
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why has coal declined
between 1990 & 2007 there was a steady decline because of concerns about greenhouse gas emissions & ageing coal-fired power stations
all coal fuelled power stations are to be closed by 2025
all coal fuelled power stations are to be closed by 2025
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why are fossil fuels likely to remain important in the future
- The UK's remaining reserves of fossil fuels will provide energy for several decades
- coal imports are cheap, over 3/4 of UK's coal comes from abroad
- existing power stations use fossil fuels
- shale gas deposits will be exploited in the future
- coal imports are cheap, over 3/4 of UK's coal comes from abroad
- existing power stations use fossil fuels
- shale gas deposits will be exploited in the future
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what is fracking
the UK has rich reserves of natural gas trapped deep underground in shale rocks
To extract the gas high-pressure (water, sand & chemicals) are introduced to fracture the shale & release the gas
To extract the gas high-pressure (water, sand & chemicals) are introduced to fracture the shale & release the gas
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Why are people concerned about fracking
- the possibility of earthquakes
- pollution of underground water sources
- the high costs of extraction
- pollution of underground water sources
- the high costs of extraction
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Economic impacts of Nuclear energy
- very expensive to build, the proposed Hinkley Point plant could cost £18 bill
- high costs for producing electricity
- decommissioning old nuclear power plants is expensive
- construction of new plants provides job & boosts the local economy
- high costs for producing electricity
- decommissioning old nuclear power plants is expensive
- construction of new plants provides job & boosts the local economy
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environmental impacts of nuclear energy
- the safe processing & storage of the highly toxic & radioactive waste is a big problem
- warm waste water can harm local ecosystems
- the risk of harmful radioactive leaks
- warm waste water can harm local ecosystems
- the risk of harmful radioactive leaks
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economic impacts of wind farms
- high construction costs
- may have negative impacts on local economy by reducing visitor numbers
- some wind farms attract visitors by becoming tourist attractions
- may have negative impacts on local economy by reducing visitor numbers
- some wind farms attract visitors by becoming tourist attractions
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environmental impacts of wind farms
- visual impact on landscape.
- avoid harmful gas emissions & help reduce carbon footprint
- noise from wind turbines
- construction of a wind farm & access roads can impact on the environment
- avoid harmful gas emissions & help reduce carbon footprint
- noise from wind turbines
- construction of a wind farm & access roads can impact on the environment
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Delabole Wind farm
- Delabole wind farm, Cornwall: UK's first commercial wind farm, local homeowners benefit from lower energy bills
- wind farm also set up a community fund
- wind farm also set up a community fund
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Lake District and wind farms
In the Lake District, concerns about falling visitors due to landscape have led to many plans being rejected
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
food
Back
- how much you eat and the food's nutritional value affects health
- 2 bill suffer from malnutrition, can result in a many illnesses
- has economic effects, less food= people less productive= less contribution to countries development
- obesity is also
- 2 bill suffer from malnutrition, can result in a many illnesses
- has economic effects, less food= people less productive= less contribution to countries development
- obesity is also
Card 3
Front
How many calories do you need a day
Back
Card 4
Front
water
Back
Card 5
Front
why is water scarcity increasing
Back
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