Lecture 1B: Saturation, Wettability and Permeability

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  • Created by: alisha
  • Created on: 20-05-17 16:14
Define Saturation
fraction of the pore volume occupied by a particular fluid (oil, gas or water)
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What is the sum of saturation equal to?
100% or 1
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Briefly explain how you would use the Dean-Stark Apparatus.
Used to determine the saturation of fluids within a core. Core is placed into a distillation column and toulene is distilled through, removing fluids present by vapourization. Fluid is condensed out.
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What is connate water?
liquid/ water trapped in sedimentary rocks
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What are the forces given by connate water called?
Capillary forces
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why is connate (interstitual) water important?
reduces the amount of space available between oil and gas
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what is critical saturation?
For oil to flow the saturation must exceed a certain value, which is termed critical saturation.
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what is residual oil saturation, Sor?
during the displacement of the crude oil from the porous medium, there will be some remaining oil left , the saturtion value will be larger than the critical saturation value.
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what is movable oil saturation, Som? state the equation.
Fraction of pore volume occupied by movable oil ( Som = 1 - Swc - Soc)
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What is the crtical gas saturation?
As reservoir pressure declines below the bubble point, gas evolves from the oil phase consequently the saturation of gas increases as reservoir pressure decreases.
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Crticial water saturation, Swc?
connate water saturation is the maximum saturation which water remains immobile
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what is an incompressible fluid?
an incompressible fluid is a fluid whos volume or density do not change with pressure
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Name three types of flow regimes
steady state, unsteady (transient) state, pseudo steady state
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steady state flow
pressure at every location in the reservoir remains constant and does not change with time
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unsteady state
the rate of change of pressure with respect to time at any position in the reservoir is not zero or constant
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pseudo steady state
the pressure at different locations in the reservoir is declining linearly as a function of time
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when can darcys law apply?
laminar flow, steady state, incompressible fluids, homogeneous formation.
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define viscosity
the resistance of the fluids to flow, resistance to shear or flow caused by intermolecular friction exerted when layers of fluids attempt to slide past one another
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define kinematic viscosity
the ratio of absolute or dynamic viscosity to density, v = u / p
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newtonian and non newtonian
newtonian fluid is characteriszed by having a constant viscosity at any given temperature, non newtonian fluid is characterized by not having a constant viscosity at any given temperature.
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define permeability
is a measure of a porous mediums ability to transmit or conduct a fluid
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total or absolute permeability
the permeability of a porous medium determined at 100% saturation with a single fluid
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effective permeability
the permeability of a porous medium (rock) to a particular fluid (oil or gas) in the presence of other fluids
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relative permeability
ratio of effective permeability to the absolute permeability i.e Kro = Ko/K
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What is wettability
tendency of a fluid to spread on or adhere solid surfaces in the prescence of other immiscible fluids
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define drainage
drainage describes the displacement of he wetting phase from the porous medium by a non wetting phase
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define imbibtion
wetting phase saturation increases as non wetting phase decreases
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mobility
effective permeability of the fluid to the fluid viscosity
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mobility ratio
mobility of displacing fluid to the mobility of the displaced fluid
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significance of mobility ratio
mobility is greater than 1, tendency of water to move preferentially through the reservoir, unfavourable displacement described as viscous *********. If mobility ratio is less than 1, then stable displacement is taking place.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the sum of saturation equal to?

Back

100% or 1

Card 3

Front

Briefly explain how you would use the Dean-Stark Apparatus.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is connate water?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the forces given by connate water called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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