Research into Exceptional Experience 3.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? PsychologyAnomalistic psychologyA2/A-levelAQA Created by: Amelia BarnesCreated on: 12-06-13 18:47 How does psychic healing 'work'? Energy fields are re-aligned eg therapeutic touch 1 of 34 What happens as a result of psychic healing? Reduction of anxiety through psychological support 2 of 34 Expectations of benefit created by success stories which could be due to spontaneous recovery: True or false? True - placebo effect 3 of 34 What did Lyvers et al (2006) find? No evidence for psychic healing but believers improved more. 4 of 34 What did Benson et al (2006) find? No placebo effect for prayers for cardiac recovery 5 of 34 What did Wirth (1990) find? Patients treated with therapeutic touch (TT) recovered faster than those without 6 of 34 What did Rosa et al (1998) find? TT practitioners unable to detect 'energy field' of experimenter's hand 7 of 34 What did Cha et al (2001) find? Effect of prayer on infertile women, twice as many became pregnant 8 of 34 How does psychic mediumship 'work'? Clues help medium produce accurate information without psychic ability 9 of 34 What did Wiseman et al (2003) find? Sitters are willing to be dieceived 10 of 34 What did Schwartz et al (2001) find? About 80% accuracy of medium statements 11 of 34 What did Rock and Beischel (2008) find? Mediums responding differently do dead or living loved ones 12 of 34 What did O'Keefe and Wiseman (2005) find? 5 mediums gave readings to 5 sitters producing 25 statements which were rated by sitters as having little relevance 13 of 34 How Schwartz et al evaluate this? Undergraduates not suitable as a control group 14 of 34 What is an out-of-body experience (OOBE)? Paranormal - the mind and body become separated 15 of 34 What did Alvarado (1982) find? No evidence of parasomatic body having physically moved 16 of 34 What did both Blanke et al (2002) and Ehrsson (2007) find? A link between sensory disturbance and OOBEs 17 of 34 Is there an issue of individual differences? Yes, OOBEs are reported more often by believers and those prone to fantasy 18 of 34 What did Green (1968) find? Of 400 personal accounts of OOBEs, 20% were 'parasomatic' and the rest were 'asomatic' 19 of 34 What did Alvarado (1982) find about the use of induced OOBEs? Weak but occasionally startling results 20 of 34 What did Blanke et al (2002) find? Stimulation of the temporal-parietal junction of the brain resulted in OOBEs. 21 of 34 Why is it difficult to study OOBEs scientifically? Because they occur without predictability; artificially induced OOBEs are not seen as equivalent 22 of 34 What explanations are reductionist? Physiological explanations 23 of 34 How did Carr (1982) explain near-death experiences (NDEs)? Endorphins released at time of stress, lead to feelings of euphoria and detachment 24 of 34 What causes REM instrusions? Hypoxia 25 of 34 What do REM intrusions do? Disrupts integration of sensory information 26 of 34 What does hypoxia do? Triggers a flood of glutamate which is blocked by the brain to prevent neuronal death which leads to an NDE 27 of 34 Why is there likely to be a psychological component? Because not everyone experiences NDEs. 28 of 34 What did cardiac survivors regard NDE as? A spiritual experience but this doesn't mean that spiritual factors cause NDEs 29 of 34 What do cultural differences and similarities suggest? That both psychological and physiological factors are important 30 of 34 What did Ring (1980) find? That survivors describe NDE as peaceful and like a life review 31 of 34 What did Nelson et al (2006) find? NDE group more likely to experience REM intrusions 32 of 34 What did Jansen (2003) find? Ketamine can produce symptoms of NDEs and ketamine has the same effect as glutamate 33 of 34 Evaluate the way in which NDEs have been studied. Early studies were poorly controlled; interviewer bias may affect the data collected 34 of 34
Comments
No comments have yet been made