Research Studies

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  • Created by: Ella4
  • Created on: 25-01-17 13:59
What was the aim of Peterson and Peterson's study?
To see if rehearsal was necessary to hold information in the short-term store.
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What method did Peterson and Peterson use in their study?
They gave participants 3 letters to remember and were immediately told to count backwards for different lengths of times, preventing rehearsal. They were then asked to recall the letters.
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What were the results from Peterson and Peterson?
The results showed that participants had forgotten almost all of the information after 18 seconds.
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What conclusion did Peterson and Peterson come to from their study?
We cannot hold information in the short term store unless we rehearse it.
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What was another research study for the multi-store memory? What did they find?
Murdock (1962) They found the primary and recency effect.
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What was the aim of Bartlett?
To see if people. when given something unfamiliar to remember, would alter the information.
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What was the method of Bartlett's study?
Participants read a Native American story, and were later on asked to retell the story as accurate as possible. This was repeated several times during the week.
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What results did Bartlett find?
Bartlett discovered that his participants found it difficult to remember bits of the story concerned with spirits, so they changed it. Each time they retold the story they changed it some more.
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What conclusion did Bartlett come to?
Our memory is influenced by our own beliefs.
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What is another study into the reconstructive memory? What did they find?
Wynn and Logie (1998) they found memories of familiar events do not change over time.
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What was the aim of Craik and Lockhart's study?
To see if the type of questions asked about words will have an effect on the number of words recalled.
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What method did Craik and Lockhart use?
They presented participants with lists of words and one at a time asked questions about each word, where participants had to answer 'yes' or 'no'. Each word required a different level of processing.
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What results did Craik and Lockhart recieve?
Participants identified 70% of the words required semantic processing, 35% needed phonetic processing and 15% required structural processing.
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What conclusion did Craik and Lockhart come to?
The deeper information is processed, the more likely it is to be remembered.
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What was the aim of Underwood and Postman?
To see if new learning interefers with previous learning.
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What was the method of Underwood and Postman's study?
Participants were divided into 2 groups. Group A were asked to learn a list of word pairs (cat-tree) and then a second list of word pairs . Group B were asked to learn the first list of word pairs only. They were then asked to recall the first list.
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What was the results from Underwood and Postman?
Group B's recall of the first list was more accurate than Group A
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What conclusion did Underwood and Postman come to?
New learning interfered with participant's ability to recall the first list.
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What was the aim of Godden and Baddeley?
To see if people who learned and tested in the same environment will recall more information than those who learn and are tested in different environments.
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What was the method of Godden and Baddeley?
Deep-sea divers were divided into 4 groups and given the same list of words to learn. Group 1 learned and recalled underwater. 2 learned underwater but recalled on land. 3 learned on land and recalled on land. 4 learned on the shore and recalled on.
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What were the results of Godden and Baddeley?
Group 1 and 3 recalled 40% more words than Groups 2 and 4.
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What was the conclusion from Godden and Baddeley?
Recall of information will be better if it happens in the same context that learning takes place.
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Who conducted a study into the reconstructive memory?
Bartlett/Wynn and Logie
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Who conducted a study into the multi-store memory?
Peterson and Peterson/Murdock
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Who conducted a study into interference?
Underwood and Postman
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Who conducted a study into context?
Godden and Baddeley
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What is the case study of anterograde amnesia?
A patient had a part of the hippocampus removed after suffering from epilepsy, from then he was unable to learn new information.
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What is the case study into retrograde amnesia?
A 22 year old had fallen off his motorbike and banged his head, he suffered concussion. He had no fracture of the skull but he could not recall any previous events.
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What are the 3 factors that can affect eyewitness accounts?
Leading Questions, Unfamiliar faces and Context.
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What were the results from the leading questions study?
Those who were asked with the word 'smashed' gave a higher speed estimate than those who heard 'hit'.
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What conclusion was made by Loftus and Palmer (leading questions)?
Leading questions will affect the accuracy of recall. The word 'smashed' made participants believe the car was actually going faster.
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What was the method used for the leading questions study?
Participants were shown films of a car accident. Some were asked 'how fast was the car going when it hit the other car' others were asked 'how fast was the car going when it smashed the other car'.
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What was the aim of the experiment looking into stereotype and memory?
To see if stereotype can affect memory.
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What was the method of the stereotype and memory study?
Participants were shown a video of a man and a woman eating. Half were told she was a waitress, the other half told she was a librarian. They were then asked to recall her behaviour and personality.
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What results did Cohen receive from his study?
The two groups gave different descriptions, matching the stereotypes of a waitress or a librarian.
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What conclusion could Cohen come to from his study?
Stereotypes will reduce the accuracy of accounts of people.
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What was the aim in the study of leading questions?
To see if leading questions affect the accuracy of recall.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

They gave participants 3 letters to remember and were immediately told to count backwards for different lengths of times, preventing rehearsal. They were then asked to recall the letters.

Back

What method did Peterson and Peterson use in their study?

Card 3

Front

The results showed that participants had forgotten almost all of the information after 18 seconds.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

We cannot hold information in the short term store unless we rehearse it.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Murdock (1962) They found the primary and recency effect.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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