Research Methods (Year 1)

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  • Created by: fran2
  • Created on: 23-02-18 09:55
What is an aim?
A general statement of what the researcher intends to investigate; the purpose of the study
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What is an hypothesis?
A clear, precise, testable statement that states the relationship between the variables to be investigated
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What is a directional hypothesis?
A hypothesis that states the direction of the difference or relationship
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What is a non-directional hypothesis?
A hypothesis that does not state the direction of the difference or relationship
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What is an independent variable?
Some aspect of the experimental situation that is manipulated by the researcher
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What is a dependent variable?
The variable that is measured by the researcher
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What is operationalisation?
Where the variables are clearly defined in terms of how they can be measured
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What are extraneous variables?
Any variable that may have an effect on the dependent variable if it is not controlled. Essentially nuisance variables
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What are confounding variables?
Any variable that may have affected the dependent variable, so we cannot be sure of the true source of changes to the dependent variable
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What are demand characteristics?
Any cue from the researcher or from the research situation that may be interpreted by participants as revealing the purpose of the investigation
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What are investigator effects?
Any effect of the investigator's behaviour on the research outcome
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What is randomisation?
The use of chance in order to control for the effects of bias when designing materials and deciding the order of conditions
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What is standardisation?
Using exactly the same formalised procedures and instructions for all participants in a research study
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What is an independent groups design?
Where participants are allocated to different groups where each group represents one experimental condition
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What is a repeated measured design?
Where all participants take part in all conditions of the experiment
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What is a matched pairs design?
Pairs of participants are first matched on variables that may affect the dependent variable. One member of the pair is assigned to Condition A and the other to Condition B
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What is random allocation?
An attempt to control for participant variables in an independent group design which ensures that each participant has the same chance of being in one condition as any other
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What is counterbalancing?
An attempt to control for the effects of order in a repeated measures design: half the participants experience the conditions in one order, and the other half in the opposite order
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What is a laboratory experiment?
An experiment that takes place in a controlled environment and there is strict control over extraneous variables
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What is a field experiment?
An experiment that takes place in a natural setting
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What is a natural experiment?
An experiment where the change in the independent variable is not brought about by the researcher and would have happened anyway
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What is a quasi experiment?
A study that is almost an experiment but lacks key ingredients. The independent variable has not been determined by anyone. The 'variables' simply exist
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is an hypothesis?

Back

A clear, precise, testable statement that states the relationship between the variables to be investigated

Card 3

Front

What is a directional hypothesis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a non-directional hypothesis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is an independent variable?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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