An in depth investigation, description and analysis of a single individual, event, group or institution.
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CONTENT ANALYSIS
A research technique that enables the indirect study of behaviour by examining communications that people produce. (emails, text, TV)
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CODING
The stage of content analysis where the communication studied is analysed by identifying each instance of the chosen category (words, sentences, phrases)
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THEMATIC ANALYSIS
An inductive and qualitative approach to analysis that involves identifying implicit or explicit ideas within the data. Themes often emerge once the data has been coded.
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RELIABILITY
Refers to how consistent the findings from a investigation or measuring device are. Measuring device is reliable when it produces consistent results every time used.
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TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY
Method of assessing reliability of a questionnaire or psychological test by assessing the same person on two seperate occasions. Shows the extent to which is reliable or not.
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INTER-OBSERVER RELIABILITY
Extent to which there is agreement between two or more observers involved in observations of behaviour. This is measured by correlating the observations of two or more observers.
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VALIDITY
The extent to which an observed effect is genuine - can it be generalised beyond research settings? Does it measure what it is meant to?
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FACE VALIDITY
Basic form of validity, in which a measure is scrutinized to determine whether it appears to measure what it is supposed to measure.
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CONCURRENT VALIDITY
Extent to which a psychological measure relates to existing similar measure.
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ECOLOGICAL VALIDITY
Extent to which findings from research study can be generalised to other settings and situations, form of external validity.
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TEMPORAL VALIDITY
Extent to which findings from research study can be generalised to other historical times and eras. Form of external validity.
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STATISTICAL TESTS
Used to determine whether a significant difference or correlation exists.
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LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT
Quantitative data can be classified into types or levels of measurements such as nominal, ordinal or interval.
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CHI-SQUARED
A test for an association between two variables or conditions. Data should be nominal level using an unrelated design.
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SIGN TEST
A statistic test used to analyse the difference in scores between related items. Data should be nominal or better.
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MANN-WHITNEY
Test of significant difference between the two sets of scores. Data should be at least ordinal level using an unrelated design.
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WILCOXON
A test for signifcant difference between two sets of scores. Data should be at least ordinal level using related design.
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SPEARMANS RHO
A test for correlation when data is interval level.
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PEARSONS R
Parametric test for correlation when data is at interval level.
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RELATED T TEST
Parametric test for difference between 2 sets of scores. Data must be interval with related design.
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UNRELATED T TEST
Parametric test for difference between two sets of scores. Data must be interval with an unrelated design.
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PROBABILITY
Measure of the likelihood that a particular event will occur where 0 indicates statistical impossibility and 1 statistical certainty.
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SIGNIFICANCE
Statistical term that tells us how sure we are that a difference or correlation exists. A significant result means the researcher can reject null hypothesis.
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CRITICAL VALUE
The numberical boundary or cut off point between acceptance an rejection of null hypothesis.
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TYPE I ERROR
The incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis (false positive).
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TYPE II ERROR
The failure to reject a false null hypothesis. False negative.
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PARADIGM
Set of shared assumptions and agreed methods within scientific discipline.
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PARADIGM SHIFT
The result of scientific revolution: significant change in the dominant unifying theory within scientific discipline.
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OBJECTIVITY
When all sources of personal bias are minimised so as not to distort or influence the research process.
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THE EMPIRICAL METHOD
Scientific approaches based on gathering evidence through direct observation and experience.
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REPLICABILITY
Extent to which scientific procedures and findings can be repeated by other researchers.
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FALSIFIABLILITY
Principle that a theory cannot be considered scientific unless it admits the possibility of being proved untrue.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A research technique that enables the indirect study of behaviour by examining communications that people produce. (emails, text, TV)
Back
CONTENT ANALYSIS
Card 3
Front
The stage of content analysis where the communication studied is analysed by identifying each instance of the chosen category (words, sentences, phrases)
Back
Card 4
Front
An inductive and qualitative approach to analysis that involves identifying implicit or explicit ideas within the data. Themes often emerge once the data has been coded.
Back
Card 5
Front
Refers to how consistent the findings from a investigation or measuring device are. Measuring device is reliable when it produces consistent results every time used.
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