Whn different participants are used in different conditions.
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Repeated Measures
When the same participants are used in two or more conditions.
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Matched pairs
As independent measures but the participants are matched according to the variable being investigated
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Laboratory Experiment
Precise controlled manipulation of the independent variable in a lab setting
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Field experiment
Same as laboratory but in a natural setting
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Self - Report
Participants record their own thoughts and feelings
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Questionare
Written open or closed responses to researchers questions
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Observation
The watching of behaviour. Can be made in a natural setting or in controlled environment.
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Case Study
Detailed study that involves the collection of a wide variety of data on an individual or small group
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Random Sample
Identifying the entire target population and then slecting from this total group. Each member has an equal opportunity of being selected.
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Opportunity Sample
Involving those participants who are in the target group that the researchers meet first
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Snowball Sampling
Allowing one participant to lead the research to the next participant.
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Informed Consent
Participants must agree verbally or in writing to take part; young children are unable to do this, so their carers will be asked on their behalf.
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Deception
Participants must not be deceived about the nature of the research
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Risk of Harm
The research process must not expose the participants to stress or harm.
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Right to Withdraw
Giving the participants a right to withdraw at any point or withdraw their results after completion
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Confidentiality
Participants should not be identifiable in any research material.
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De-brief
Participants must be de-briefed as soon as possible, to make them aware of the real reason for the research and to provide an opportunity to talk about any issues.
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Experimenter Bias
Different researchers might carry out the research process in slightly different ways which may favour the experimenter favouring a certain research outcome.
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Demand Characteristics
Different procedures will have a different effect on the participants, who may respond according to what they feel is expected of them.
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Situational Bias
Different procedures or situations will have a different effect on the participants and by using standardised procedures it is hoped that all participants have the same experiences
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Counterbalancing
This involves splitting the sample so that there is an equal chance of any condition being first or last
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Nominal Data
Data in separate categories such as number of runners that finished a marathon.
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Ordinal Data
Data that are ordered such as the order of runners that finished the marathon – first, second, third and so on.
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Interval Data
Data that is measured using a public unit of measurement. For example this could be the times in which the runners finished the marathon.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
When the same participants are used in two or more conditions.
Back
Repeated Measures
Card 3
Front
As independent measures but the participants are matched according to the variable being investigated
Back
Card 4
Front
Precise controlled manipulation of the independent variable in a lab setting
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