People can answer what they like. Practical + cheap and easy, - People may not get the questionnaire. Ethical + consent is given as people can choose to fill it in or not, - not many but could ask intrusive questionnaires.
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Open questionnaires
Theoretical +very reliable, can easily be repeated, - not very valid, people can lie and it would be harder to tell than if an interview was carried out.
2 of 20
Closed questionnaires
People answer limited answers. Practical + cheap and easy, - low response rate. Ethical +consent is given, - intrusive questions
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Closed questionnaires
Theoretical + high reliability as can be easily copied, - not valid as people can lie.
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Web based questionnaire
on the internet. Practical +cheap and easy plus a higher response rate, - people may not have internet. Ethical + consent, - intrusive/ privacy
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Web based questionnaires
Theoretical + can easily be copied, - people can lie.
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unstructured interview
Interviews can ask whatever they like. Practical + flexible in which the interviewer can ask why, - time consuming and expensive. Ethical +consent is given, - no privacy (not anonymous).
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unstructured interview
Theoretical + Valid s it is easier to see when people are lying about the situation, - not very reliable as it is very hard to duplicate a unique interview.
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structured interview
when the interviewer follows set questions. Practical + quicker than unstructured and gets to the point, - inflexible as the researcher has already decided what's important (could be different to interviewee). Ethical + consent, - intrusive/ privacy.
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structured interview
Theoretical + reliable as they can easily be copied as there is set questions and answers, - as there are pre-set answers they may not fit any of the ones the interviewee would like to respond with.
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group interview
interview within a group of up to 12. Practical + get more people done in the same time, - data is generalised and is difficult to analyse. Ethical + consent - privacy
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group interview
Theoretical + produces more reflective data as participants encourage richer answers, - peer pressure to conform may lead to participants not saying their true answer.
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overt experiment
participants know they are being watched. Practical -can take notes openly, - a group may refuse. Ethical + avoids deception, - sometimes consent isn't given
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overt experiment
Theoretical +allows researcher to use interview methods, - Hawthorn effect.
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covert experiment
study is carried out under cover. Practical + reduces the risk of influences behaviour, - requires the researcher to go through more effort to keep unseen. Ethical - immoral and no consent is usually given
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covert experiment
Theoretical + allows interviews, - can not openly take notes
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participant observation
researcher takes part in the event. Practical + may be the only viable method, - very time consuming. Ethical - immoral and deceiving. Theoretical + rich qualitative data(reliable), - small scale and not representative
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non participant
researcher observes the group. Practical + better view, - observer effect which could affect participant actions. Ethical + if overt otherwise is not due to no consent. Theoretical + more open minded, - Hawthorn effect
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Lab experiment
Carried out in controlled conditions. Practical + controlled conditions, - can't be used to study in the past. Ethical - could lead to serious harm lacks informative consent and deception. Theoretical + quantify and manipulate variables, - Hawthorn
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Field experiment
carried out in a natural setting. Practical + natural setting, - could lack validity. Ethical - carried out without consent. Theoretical + no Hawthorn effect, - have less control.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Open questionnaires
Back
Theoretical +very reliable, can easily be repeated, - not very valid, people can lie and it would be harder to tell than if an interview was carried out.
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