Research Methods

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Hypothesis
An idea derived from psychological theory which contains a prediction that can be verified or refuted by some kind of investigation usually an experiment
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Null hypothesis
Predicts that any difference or relationship between the variables is down to chance(no difference)
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Pilot study
A small scale practice
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Operationalise
Defining variables into measurable factors
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Extraneous Variables
A variable outside the IV that might affect the DV
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Confounding variables
A type of EV that varies systematically between conditions (the hidden variable)
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Situational variables
We control through standardisation make the experiment exactly the same the only thing that changes is the 2 conditions for the IV
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Participant variable
We control this through the experimental designs e.g matched participants
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Mundane Realism
Refers to how a study mirrors the real world.
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Validity
Refers to whether an observed effect is a genuine one
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External Validity
The degree to which reasearch finding can be generalised to other settings, to other population and over time
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Internal validity
The degree to which an observed effect was due to expermental manipulation and not an confounding/extraineous variable
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Random Allocation
Allocating participants to experimental groups or condtions using random techniques
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Debreifing
A post research interview participants of the true nature of the study.
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Covert Observation
Observation studies where the participant are aware their behaviours
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Overt Observation
Observing people without their knowledge.\
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Co-variable
The two measured variables in a correlational analysis.The variables must be continous.
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Continous variable
A variable that can take on any value within a certain range e.g liking football on a scale
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Meta-analysis
A researcher looks at the findings from a number of different studies and produces a statistic ti represent the overall effect
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Predicts that any difference or relationship between the variables is down to chance(no difference)

Back

Null hypothesis

Card 3

Front

A small scale practice

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Defining variables into measurable factors

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A variable outside the IV that might affect the DV

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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