Research Methods 1

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Laboratory Experiment
Controlled environment/ Variables manipulated
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Operationalization of Variables
How variables are defined and measured
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Extraneous Variables
Unwanted variable that adds error to an experiment
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Field Experiment
Outside Laboratory/ Variables manipulated
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Quasi-Experiment
Participants cannot be randomly assigned to experimental and control groups
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Naturalistic Observation
observing people in their natural environment without control over variables
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Controlled Observation
Observation takes place in a highly controlled environment such as a laboratory
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Covert Observation
Takes place WITHOUT AWARENESS
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Overt Observation
Takes place with FULL KNOWLEDGE
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Participant Observation
Psychologists observe as if they are a participant
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Non-Participant Observation
Psychologists observe from a distance without being involved
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Self-report techniques
Participants to report on themselves
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Questionnaire
Participants presented with a set of predetermined questions
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Interviews
Self-report method where participants answer questions face to face
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Structured interviews
Follows a set of predetermined set of questions
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Unstructured interviews
Flexible interview based around themes rather than questions
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Co-variables
Variables measured in correlational analysis
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Content analysis
Analysis of the content of media
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Case study
In-depth study of one person or a group of people
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Independent group design
Each participant takes part in only one of the conditions
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Repeated measured design
Each participant takes part in all conditions of the experiment
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Counterbalancing
Reducing order effects/ensue that participants variables occur with equal frequency in all conditions
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Randomization
Randomizing the order of the trials
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Matched pairs design
Participants in each conditions are matched according to important vairables
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Confounding variables
Uncontrolled variable that has an effect on the dependent variable
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Standardization
Ensuring all participants in an investigation have exactly the same experience
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Event samplying
Number of times an event occurs
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Time sampling
Record of an event after certain periods of time
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Behavioral categories
Detailed list of all behaviors to be recorded during an observation
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How variables are defined and measured

Back

Operationalization of Variables

Card 3

Front

Unwanted variable that adds error to an experiment

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Outside Laboratory/ Variables manipulated

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Participants cannot be randomly assigned to experimental and control groups

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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