give 3 good reasons for using observational methods
questionnaires have limited applicability, apparatus used to record operations have limited generalisability and context-dependent rare behaviour is hard to replicate
1 of 33
what are the 2 ways to describe the observations you take in your paper
operational or ostensive
2 of 33
what do you write if your describing your observations operationally
you specify the physical requirement for the coding of a behaviour i.e button push
3 of 33
what do you write if you're describing your observations ostensively
you write a description of your behaviour and put in diagrams for help
4 of 33
what are the two definitions of an ethogram
a full behavioural repertoire of a species OR a quantitate description of how much time an animal spends in each of its typical activities
5 of 33
what is a more appropriate name for the later description
a time or activity budget
6 of 33
name the 5 types of time measurements that might be mentioned in an activity budget
latency, frequency, rate, duration and proportion
7 of 33
define latency
reaction time (looked up 0.5seconds after beep)
8 of 33
define frequency
total no of occurrences (the monkey pointed 20 times)
9 of 33
define rate
frequency per unit time (the monkey pointed 20 times in 2 hours, thats 10 points per hour)
10 of 33
define duration
the total amount of time that a single occurrence happened (he pointed for 20 seconds)
11 of 33
define proportion
the proportion of time spent (5 seconds out of 20 the baby cried, this is 25% of the time)
12 of 33
what is an extension of proportion
mean proportion
13 of 33
name the scales of measurement
categorical/nominal, ordinal, interval and continuous
14 of 33
which can be used for parametric tests
interval and continous
15 of 33
why can't categorical or ordinal
violate assumption of normality
16 of 33
name the 4 types of sample
ad libitum, focal, scan and behaviour
17 of 33
describe ad libitum
no systematic constraints are placed on who/what or when is recorded
18 of 33
what is the the preferred method for
preliminary observation and rare but important events
19 of 33
what is a potential bias of this style of sampling
miss less conspicuous subjects or events
20 of 33
describe focal sampling
a specific individual or unit are isolated for observation
21 of 33
what is potential bias
if the specific individual does certain behaviours in private
22 of 33
describe scan sampling
a group of individuals are sampled at a time stamp
23 of 33
what is a potential bias
miss less conspicuous subjects or events
24 of 33
what is another name for behavioural sampling
all occurrences
25 of 33
describe behavioural sampling
record everytime behaviour occurs
26 of 33
what are the two types of time observations
time and continuous
27 of 33
what is continuous
observer records all activity
28 of 33
divide time further
instantaneous or one zero
29 of 33
what is instantaneous recording
when the observer record behaviour at a predetermined time
30 of 33
what is one zero recording
when the observer records if the behaviour did or did not occur in a time interval
31 of 33
what the two ways, in time, to define the behaviour you're recording
event or state
32 of 33
which is longer
state
33 of 33
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what are the 2 ways to describe the observations you take in your paper
Back
operational or ostensive
Card 3
Front
what do you write if your describing your observations operationally
Back
Card 4
Front
what do you write if you're describing your observations ostensively
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