Reproduction

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  • Created by: Molly
  • Created on: 05-06-14 14:40
The hypothalamus releases what?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
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What does this hormone have an effect on?
The anterior pituitary
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The anterior pituitary releases what?
FSH, LH and prolactin
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In the follicular phase, Oestrogen has what type of feedback on the anterior pituitary?
Negative feedback
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Midcycle, Oestrogen has what type of feedback on the anterior pituitary?
Positive feedback
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What does this lead to?
Further secretion of FSH and LH (causing ovulation)
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In the luteal phase, what hormone has a negative feedback on the anterior pituitary?
Progesterone
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Which hormones do the ovaries release?
Oestrogen and Progesterone
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Which cells synthesize and secrete progesterone?
Theca cells
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Theca cells have receptors for which hormones?
LH and Prolactin
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Which cells synthesize and secrete oestrogen?
Granulosa cells
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Granulosa cells have receptors for which hormones?
FSH, LH and Prolactin
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Which hormones does the corpus letuem release?
Oestrogen and Progesterone
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During the menses, which hormone is higher?
FSH
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What releases Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)?
The trophoblast (after fertilsation)
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What does Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) do?
Informs the CP that fertilisation has occured
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What's the luteolytic substance in mammals?
Prostaglandin F2a
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Where is it produced?
The endometrium
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What's production stimulated by?
Oxytocin from the CL
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Levels of what increase during pregnancy?
Prolactin
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What's the milk produced in the first few days called?
Colostrum
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Where is sperm produced?
The seminiferous tubules
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What type of cell are spermatogonia?
Stem cells
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What type of cells are spermatocytes?
Cells which are in the process of becoming sperm
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What do Sertoli cells do?
Support the developing sperm
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What three functions do the sertoli cells have?
1)Provide nutrients 2)Form tight junctions = BTB 3)Secrete fluid for transport
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What do Leydig cells do?
Synthesis and secrete testosterone
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Describe the stage one of spermatogenesis
Mitotic divisions of spermatogonia generate spermatocytes
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Describe the stage two of spermatogenesis
Meiotic divisions of the spermatocytes which decrease the chromosome number and produce haploid spermatids
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Describe the stage three of spermatogenesis
Spermiogenesis- Spermatids are transformed into mature sperm through the loss of cytoplasm and development of flagella
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Where is sperm matured and stored?
The epididymis
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What is capacitation?
A process in which inhibitory factors, in the seminal fluid, are washed free
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What is stage one of follicular growth?
Increase in oocyte size and granulosa cells become cuboidal
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What is stage two of follicular growth?
Formation of Zona Pellucida
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What are stages three to five of follicular growth?
Mitosis of granulosa cells, capillaries invade around follicles
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What is stage six of follicular growth?
Fluid forms in between granulosa cells = antrum
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What is stage seven of follicular growth?
'Liquor folliculi' builds up in the middle of the follicle, oocyte to one side (cumulus oophorus- few layers surrounding)
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What is stage eight of follicular growth?
Innermost layer of cumulus oophorus becomes columnar and forms corona radiata
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What is stage nine of follicular growth?
Ovulation occurs
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Which stages are not hormone dependent?
1-5
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What is inhibin and where's it secreted from?
A glycoprotein secreted from sertoli cells
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What does inhibin do?
Inhibits FSH secretion by the anterior pituitary
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Card 2

Front

What does this hormone have an effect on?

Back

The anterior pituitary

Card 3

Front

The anterior pituitary releases what?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

In the follicular phase, Oestrogen has what type of feedback on the anterior pituitary?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Midcycle, Oestrogen has what type of feedback on the anterior pituitary?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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