runners - new plant produced when runner touches ground. Tuber - (potatoes) produces several new plants from buds. Bulb - bases of leaves swollen by food that can develop into new plants
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how do cuttings work?
piece of a stem with leaves attached is cut from a healthy plant, and transferred into damp soil to develop into a new plant
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where is pollen produced?
in the anther of the stamens
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where are the ova produced?
in the ovules of the ovaries
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pollination
transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma
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self-pollination
if the pollen grains are transferred within the same flower
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cross-pollination
if the pollen grains are transferred between two different flowers
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fertilisation
pollen grain grows a pollen tube down the tissue of the style, and into the ovary. It then curves round to enter the opening in an ovule. the tip then dissolves and allows the pollen grain to enter the ovule and fuse with the ovum nucleus
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seed and fruit formation
zygote develops into embryonic plant with a radicle and plumule. other contents of ovule develop into food store for when seed germinates. ovule wall becomes the seed coat. Ovary wall becomes the fruit coat
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germination
food store is used up, providing nutrients that are absorbed by radicle and plumule to grow. radicle grows towards soil to absorb water and mineral ions , plumule grows towards light to start photosynthesis.
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when does germination stop?
when the plant is able to photosynthesise
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conditions needed for germination
warm temp - efficient enzymes, water - for chemical reactions to take place in solution, oxygen - for respiration
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how is the food store broken down?
broken down by enzymes and respired aerobically
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how are seeds able to survive for many years?
when seeds are dispersed they are usually very dry, containing about 10% water. this constricts a seed's metabolism, so it can remain alive but dormant for a long time
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
how do cuttings work?
Back
piece of a stem with leaves attached is cut from a healthy plant, and transferred into damp soil to develop into a new plant
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