Reproduction

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What do the testes and ovaries produce?
Gametes or sex cells
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What is semen?
Sperm cells mixed with special liquids from the glands
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During sexual intercourse, semen is forced out of the penis and into the top of the vagina. What is this called?
***********
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Where does the semen travel?
Into the top of the uterus
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Where do the sperm cells swim once the semen has reached the _____?
Down the oviducts
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What statement is true?
A sperm cell is smaller than an egg cell.
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If an egg cell meets a sperm cell in an oviduct, fertilisation can occur. But what happens in fertilisation?
The nuclei from the two cells fuse
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A fertilised egg cell divides to form a ball of cells, also called a/n ___
embryo
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Once the fertilised egg cell divides into a ball of cells, what happens next?
The embryo travels to the uterus where it sinks into the uterus lining.
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What is it called when an embryo sinks into the ____'s lining?
implantation
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Once the embryo has developed all its organs it is called a -
fetus
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It takes about _____ weeks (__ months) for a human fertilised egg cell to grow into a baby ready to be born.
40 weeks or 9 months
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What is the period of time called when the baby is developing?
the gestation period
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While inside the uterus, the fetus is supplied with food and oxygen by the _____
Placenta
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What gets rid of waste (especially carbon dioxide) from the fetus?
The placenta
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The _______ connects the fetus to the placenta..
Umbilical cord
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What might damage a baby/make it premature?
If the mother drinks too much alcohol/takes drugs while pregnant
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What is the first step of birth in mammals?
The uterus starts contractions and the woman goes into labour.
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What is the second step of birth in mammals?
The muscles of the cervix relax
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What is the third step of birth in mammals?
The baby is pushed out head first through the cervix and the vagina.
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What is the forth step in birth in mammals?
The baby starts the breath and the umbilical cord is cut.
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What is the scar caused by the umbilical cord being cut called?
the naval
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What is the fifth step of birth in mammals?
The placenta is pushed out of the uterus
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What is it called when the placenta is pushed out os the uterus?
The afterbirth
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The mother's breasts contain _______ that produce milk to feed the baby.
the mammary glands
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Breast milk contains what?
All the nutrients the baby needs and antibodies.
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What do antibodies help with?
Destroying micro-organisms that might cause diseases
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The stage in which an organism grows and develops is called its _____
lifecycle
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In the human lifecycle, a baby grows into a ____
child
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Between the ages of 10 and 14 years, most children start to go through what?
puberty
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During puberty, hormones cause big physical changes to occur. What are these hormones?
Sex hormones
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What is the period when both emotional and physical changes occur?
Adolescence
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When does adolescence ends?
at about 18 years old
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What are animals able to do after puberty?
reproduce
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How long do men produce sperm cells for after puberty?
the rest of their life
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How long do women produce egg cells for?
until the age of 45 - 55
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What is it called when women stop producing egg cells?
the menopause
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Does fertilisation happen inside or outside of a female in mammals?
inside
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What is the name for when fertilisation happens inside the female?
internal fertilisation
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What is it called when fertilisation happens outside the female?
external fertilisation
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The fertilised egg cell of many animals also grow and develop outside their parents. What is this called?
External devlopment
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Name an animal that uses external development
Fish
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Humans use internal development and produce fewer offspring than animals using external development. Why?
The growing embryos are protected inside their mother.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is semen?

Back

Sperm cells mixed with special liquids from the glands

Card 3

Front

During sexual intercourse, semen is forced out of the penis and into the top of the vagina. What is this called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Where does the semen travel?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Where do the sperm cells swim once the semen has reached the _____?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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