Where is the location of the electron transport chain
Inner mitochondrial membrane
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What is the net gain of ATP in glycolysis?
2 ATP
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What happens to the triose phosphate molecules in glycolysis?
They are oxidised to two pyruvate molecules due to a dehydrogenase enzyme removing hydrogen
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What else occurs whilst triose phosphate is oxidised in glycolysis
One NAD is reduced per molecule and 2 ATP molecules are formed from ADP and P
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What type of phosphorylation occurs in the last stage of glycolysis?
Substrate level phosphorylation.
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What also occurs in the link reaction when pyruvate is oxidised?
Decarboxylation occurs and NAD is reduced
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Why is it an advantage to have pyruvate as an intermediate in respiration?
It is small enough to easily diffuse into the mitochondrial matrix since the membrane has no protein carriers.
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How many decarboxylation reactions take place per acetyle coenzyme A molecule in the krebs cycle?
2 (between 6c, 5c and 4c compounds)
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How many dehydrogenation reactions take place in the krebs cycle per turn of the cycle?
4
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How many dehydrogenation reactions take place in the krebs cycle per turn of the cycle?
Chemiosmosis
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What is the first step in the ETC?
Reduced NAD and FAD deliver their hydrogen atoms to the chain, which split into H+ ions and electrons.
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What happens to the electrons given from the hydrogen in the ETC? (2 marks)
They are transferred along electron carriers in the moving from higher levels to low levels 2) Fuels the proton pumps.
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What is the role of the protons in the ETC?
They are pumped from the matrix to the intermembranous space to form an electrochemical gradient.
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How is ATP formed in the ETC? (2 marks)
Protons flow down conc grad through an ion channel in the stalked particle, releasing enough energy for ATP to be formed from ADP and Pi 2) catalysed by ATP synthase.
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Suggest why is it called oxidative phosphorylation in the ETC?
Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor to form water from oxygen, protons and electrons.
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What is the equation for the formation of water in the ETC?
4H+ + 4e- +O2 ----> 2H2O
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How many ATP molecules are made from reduced NAD and how many from reduced FAD?
Reduced NAD= 3 Reduced FAD=2
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How many ATP molecules can be generated from one glucose molecule?
38
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(MUST LEARN) Sugget why less than 38 ATP molecules are made?
Some energy is lost as heat energy, some energy is used actively transporting pyruvate.
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(MUST LEARN) Suggest why is glycolysis the only step in anaerobic respiration?
Oxygen is needed to act as the final electron acceptor in the ETC. The link reaction and Krebs stop because they cant reoxidise NADH and FADH2 therefore there would be a build up.
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What is the net ATP yield in anaerobic respiration?
2
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When and why does anaerobic respiration occur in animal cells?
During vigorous exercise for an immediate ATP supply.
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What are the side effects of the build up of lactate?
Build of acid lowers pH and denatures enzymes so muscles are fatigued
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What is the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?
Pyruvate
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Describe anaerobic respiration in yeast.
Pyruvate becomes ethanal through a decarboxylation reaction, which is then converted to ethanol in a dehydrogenation reaction.
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Define alternative respiratory substances.
Any organic molecule that can be oxidised through respiration to fuel the synthesis of ATP
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When and why are lipids used?
When carb levels are low because they release twice the energy per unit gram.
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n the experiment to test anaerobic respiration, why is oil used in the capillary tube?
It doesnt let oxygen in or out and therefore moves to the left when O2 is used up and the volume decreases.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Where is the location of the Link Reaction?
Back
Mitochondrial matrix
Card 3
Front
Where is the location of the Krebs cycle?
Back
Card 4
Front
Where is the location of the electron transport chain
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