Renal system

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  • Created by: Xena_H
  • Created on: 23-12-20 10:49
External anatomy, where is the kidney placed?
Above the waist, between the parietal peritoneum and the posterior wall of the abdomen - Retroperitoneal
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What is the concave centre of the kidney called and what does it lead to?
Hilum which allows blood + lymph vessels nerves and ureter to enter/leave the kidney.
Hilum is the entrance to the cavity renal sinus which consists of connective tissue + fat.
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What are the 3 layers of the kidney?
1. Renal capsule
2. Adipose capsule
3. Renal fascia
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Give more information on the outermost layer
Renal fascia, thin fibrous connective tissue layer that anchors kidney to surrounding structures and abdominal wall
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Give more information on the middle layer
Adipose capsule, fatty tissue layer that protects kidney from blows and firmly holds it in place at the abdominal cavity.
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Give more information on the innermost layer
Renal capsule, smooth transparent fibrous connective tissue that connects the hilum to the outermost layer covering the ureter. Acts as a barrier against infection and trauma.
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What is the functional unit of the kidney called?
A nephron
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When dissected, what are the 2 distinguishable areas of the nephron
Cortex and Medulla
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Give more information into how the medulla is structured
Within are triangular + striated structures = renal pyramids (tip faces the centre = Renal papillae).
Surrounding papillae = Minor Calyces which collects urine from ducts. These join to form a Major Calyces which form a large collecting duct (Renal pelvi
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Give more information into how the cortex is structured
Extends from the renal capsule to the base of the renal pyramids. Also extends into the spaces in-between the renal pyramids = renal columns. Cortex + Renal pyramid = Parenchyma
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What are the vascular components of the nephron?
1. Glomerulus
2. Afferent arteriole
3. Efferent arteriole
4. Peritubular capillaries
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What is the glomerulus?
Bundle of capillaries that filters protein-free plasma into the tubular components.Held by Bowman's capsule.
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What does the afferent arteriole do?
Carries blood into glomerulus
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What does the efferent arteriole do?
Carries blood out of the glomerulus, has a smaller lumen than afferent. Blood will leave via this arteriole and travel to the peritubular and eventually back to the heart (Venous system)
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What do the Peritubular capillaries do?
Supplies the renal tissues with blood as it is involved with exchanges with the fluid in the tubular lumen.
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What are the tubular components of the nephron?
1. Bowman's capsule
2. Proximal tubule
3. Loop of Henle
4. Distal Tubule and Collecting duct
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What is the Bowman's capsule, structure and function.
Cup-like structure that collects glomerular filtrate. Double walled - inner layer = visceral podocytes (Epithelial) that surround glomerulus. Outer = parietal layer - separated w| collecting space. Visceral layer + enclosed glomerulus = endothelial -capsu
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What does the proximal tubule do?
Allows uncontrolled reabsorption and secretion of selected substances
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What does the Loop of Henle do?
Establishes an osmotic gradient in renal medulla which allows for urine production.
Has an ascending and descending limb (descending = simple squamous and reduces in diameter as you go down)
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what do the Distal tubule and Collecting duct do?
Controlled reabsorption of Na+ and H2O.
Secretion of K+ and H+
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What are the 4 processes the kidney goes through?
1. Glomerular filtration
2. Tubular reabsorption
3. Tubular secretion
4. Urine excretion
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the concave centre of the kidney called and what does it lead to?

Back

Hilum which allows blood + lymph vessels nerves and ureter to enter/leave the kidney.
Hilum is the entrance to the cavity renal sinus which consists of connective tissue + fat.

Card 3

Front

What are the 3 layers of the kidney?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Give more information on the outermost layer

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Give more information on the middle layer

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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