Renaissance

?
Early 1300s - all work in Siena stopped because of the PLAGUE
Duccio di Buoninsegna (1255-1319) - first artist to sign his work. He was the start of innovations in art.
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'Maesta' (9th June 1311) Duccio, for Siena Cathedral - 5m tall, 4.6m wide. Took 2 years 8 months to paint.
Giotto di Bondone (1367-1337) - drew an absolutely perfect circle to impress the Pope's messenger
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"Lives of the Artists" (1550) Vasari
Giotto painted the Fresco Cycle in the Arena Chapel/Scrovegni Chapel in 1303-1306
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The Black Death ended around 1400
In 1460, Florence had 33 banks and 270 woolworkers shops - these were the main trade that made the city rich
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Florence can divided up into orders of monks - Santa Maria del Carmine (Carmelites), Santa Croce (Franciscans), Santa Maria Novella and San Marco (Dominicans), and Monte Senario (Servites)
Guilds (groups of workers from each profession) were set up in the 1890s.
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Italy was united in 1870
Types of city states in Italy - Republics (Venice, Florence, Siena), States ruled by a sovereign (Naples, Milan) and Papal States (Rome)
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Around the 1400s we see artisans rising to become artists
'Barbadori Altarpiece' (1437) Lippi
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Three books boosted status of the artist - 'On Painting' (1435) Alberti, 'Commentaries' (1450) Ghiberti and 'Lives of the Artists' (1550) Vasari
Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378-1455) - employed by the council for 40 years
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1401 Competition for the Baptistery doors - closing date March 1403
Ghiberti made he North Door between 1403-1424, each panel measuring 20.inches by 17.75 inches.
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Ghiberti made he Gates of Paradise for the east gates of the Baptistery between 1425-1452. Doors: 16 feet tall, 1.3 tonnes, each, 24 head in the doors including his own
Ghiberti was in Rome between 1429-1430
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1412 - Ghiberti commissioned by the Guild of Calimala (guild of cloth and wool finishes) to do sculptures for the Niches of Orsanmichele
'John the Baptist' (1413) Ghiberti
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'St Matthew' (1419) Ghiberti
1417-1427: Ghiberti worked on the Font in the Baptistery of Siena doing the scene 'Baptism of Christ'
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Leonardo Bruni outlined his narrative scheme for the east gates of the Florence Baptistery in a letter to the Calimala in 1424 - he wanted 28 panels, Ghiberti did 10
Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone (1410-1428) = Masaccio, meaning "clumbsy Tom." One of the first Renaissance artists. The first person to carry on the innovations of Duccio and Giotto
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Masolino da Panicale (1383-1447). Masolino means "little Tom."
Paolo di Dono (1397-1475) = Uccello meaning "little bird." Carried on Masaccio's new idea of perspective.
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Uccello did paintings of scenes from the Life of the Virgin and St Stephen in Prato Cathedral between 1433-1436
'Sir John Hawkwood' (1436) Uccello - fresco in the Duomo
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Fresco clock in the Duomo painted by Uccello in 1436
Donato di Niccolo di Betto Bardi (1386-1466) = Donatello. THE sculptor of the 15th century in the new style.
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'St George' by Donatello commissioned in 1417 by he Armourers' Guild. Statue for niche in Or San Michele
'The George and Dragon Relief' (1416) Donatello
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'Niccolo da Uzzano' (1432) Donatello
From 1415-1428 Donatello worked on the font in Baptistery of Siena doing the scene 'The Feast of Herod'
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'Bronze David' made in 1440s by Donatello, 138cm tall
Cantoria (1433-1440) Donatello, choir gallery in the Duomo for 12 people
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'Atys Amor' (1440) Donatello - 2feet 10inches tall
Old Sacisty = side chapel of San Lorenzo, decorated by Donatello from 1434-1435
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Donatello worked in Padua from 1443-1453 on the bronze altarpiece in the Basilica of San Antonio (the Santo)
'Gattemelata' (1453) Donatello, statue outside the Santo
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'Judith and Holofernes' (1455-1460) Donatello
'Mary Magdalen' (1455) Donatello
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Piero della Francesca (circa1415-1592) - painted under 30 works. More of a mathematician than an artist.
Piero worked on 'Polyptych of the Misericordia' from 1445-1460
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'The Flagellation of Christ' (1450-1460)
Arezzo Cycle = the 'Legend of the True Cross' (1452-1465) Piero della Francesco, in the Caoella Maggiore of the church St Francis in Arezzo
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Portraits of Frederico da Montefeltro and Battisa Sforza (1472-1474)
Andrea del Verrocchio (1435-1488) - took the place of Donatello as the favoured sculptor of the Medici
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Verrocchio trained as a goldsmith up until 1457. He was a painter and a sculptor, Leonardo da Vinci joined his workshop - Verrocchio felt useless in comparison so gave up the painting side of his workshop to Leonardo, who was younger and far better.
The Monument to Giovanni and Piero de Medici in the side chapel the Old Sacristyof San Lorenzo (1472) Verrocchio
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'Bronze David' (1460s) Verrocchio. sold in 1476 for 150 gold florins to the Signoria town council
Fra Angelico (1387-1455)
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Fra Angelico had two sessions painting San Marco - 1439-1445 and 1450-1452
The biggest fresco in the Chapter House of San Marco is 'The Crucifixion' (1442) Fra Angelico
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'The San Marco Altarpiece' (1443) Fra Angelico
'Deposition' (1434) Fra Angelico
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'Last Judgement Altarpiece' (1431) Fra Angelico for Santa Maria degli Angeli
Between 1446-1447 and 1453-1454, Fra Angelico went to Rome where he workd in the Vatican and painted scenes from the lives of St Stephen and St Lawrence
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Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi (1445-1510) = Sandro Botticelli. Botticelli means "little barrel."
'Adoration of the Magi' (1475) Botticelli
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'Portrait of a Young Man Holding Medal of Cosimo de Medici' (1474) Botticelli
'Return of Judith to Behulia' (1470) Botticelli
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'Discovering the Dead Holofernes' (1470) Botticelli
From 1481-1483 Botticelli worked on 'Tempation of Christ,' 'Trials of Moses' and 'Conturbation of the Laws of Moses' for the Sistine Chapel. Michelangelo's ceiling went in thirty years later from 1508-1512
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In 1842 Botticelli returned to Florence
'Pallas and the Centaur' (1482) Botticelli
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'Mars and Venus' (1483) Botticelli
'Madonna of the Magnificat' (circa 1480-1481)
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Savanarola arrived in Florence in 1481, and started doing sermons saying that the world would end in 1500
1494 Charls VIII's French army ransacked Florence and left it in ruin
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Savonarola was excommunicated in 1497
22nd May 1498 Savonarola and two of his friends were hanged and burnt at the stake in the Piazza Publico
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

'Maesta' (9th June 1311) Duccio, for Siena Cathedral - 5m tall, 4.6m wide. Took 2 years 8 months to paint.

Back

Giotto di Bondone (1367-1337) - drew an absolutely perfect circle to impress the Pope's messenger

Card 3

Front

"Lives of the Artists" (1550) Vasari

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

The Black Death ended around 1400

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Florence can divided up into orders of monks - Santa Maria del Carmine (Carmelites), Santa Croce (Franciscans), Santa Maria Novella and San Marco (Dominicans), and Monte Senario (Servites)

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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