A religious experience that has not been induced, not 'made up'.
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Ineffability (Ineffable)
An experience that cannot be communicated in normal speech.
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Noetic
The mind gaining knowledge and understanding.
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Transient (transiency)
Religious experiences only last a short time, limited time.
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Passivity
The religious experience occurs without any action on the part of the recipient.
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Immanence (immanent)
God is active in the world.
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Existential judgement
A 'primary' question, concerned with the nature of soemthing- how it came into existence, what it does and what it is made of.
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Value judgement
A 'secondary' question, and is concerned with the meaning, importance and significance of something.
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Principle of credulity
If a person sees soemthing/someone then it is usually the case that they have seen it.
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Principle of testimony
Unless you have reliable reasons to doubt what a person says they have experienced then what is said should be accepted as true.
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Induced experience
An experience caused by alcohol or drugs.
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The phenomenal world
This phrase is what Kant uses to describe how humans can only experience the world as it appears to them through their five senses.
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Noumenal world
What is known by the mind rather than the senses, the world as it really is in itself.
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Finite
Bounded in some way eg space, time or magnitude. Will have an end.
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Julian of Norwich
15th century mystic. Received visions.
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St Paul
NT writer (Saul) who had a vision and a conversion experience.
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Rudolph Otto
German theologian who used the term 'numinous' in 'The Idea of the Holy' in referring to being in the presence of an awesome power. (1869-1937)
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William James
(1842-1910) American psychologist. Most famous academic on religious experience. 'The Varieties of Religious Experience' 1902, gave four characteristics for mystical experience.
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FC Happold
(1893-1971) In 'Mysticism: A study and an Anthology' (1963) he suggested we can divide mysticism into two types and that there are three aspects to mystical experience.
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Sigmund Freud
(1856-1939) Austrian psychiatrist. Saw religious experiences as illusions, projections of people's beliefs and desires.
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VS Ramachandran
(1951- ) Neurologist. Linked religious experience to temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Michael Persinger
(1945- ) Cognitive Neuroscience Researcher. Agreed that temporal lobes have a significant role in religious exepriences. Has designed a helmet which in studies has stimulated religious experiences.
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Padre Pio
(1887-1968) Italian Priest. Has a worldwide following because of his stigmata.
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Randy Clark
Preacher at the Toronto Airport Vineyard Church, where in 1994 they experienced the 'outpouring of the Holy Spirit', the 'Toronto Blessing'.
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Richard Swinburne
(1934- ) British Philosopher. In the 'Existence of God' (1991) he developed an argument for the existence of God using the 'cumulative approach'. Developed the principles of credulity and testimony.
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Immanuel Kant
(1724-1804) German Philosopher. Argued that it is not possible for finite humans to experience an infinite God.
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Anthony Flew
(1923- ) British Philospher, atheist. He dismissed the cumulative approach - "If one leaky bucket will not hold water that is no reason to think that ten can."
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
An experience that cannot be communicated in normal speech.
Back
Ineffability (Ineffable)
Card 3
Front
The mind gaining knowledge and understanding.
Back
Card 4
Front
Religious experiences only last a short time, limited time.
Back
Card 5
Front
The religious experience occurs without any action on the part of the recipient.
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