Religious Studies- Philosophy Pt 1 of 2

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How do people describe God?
They tend to use pictures, symbols or symbolic language to describe God.
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What is the holy trinity
It is the belief that God is made of three parts or persons
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What is the Trinity made up of?
God who is the father- the transcendent creator, God who is the son- Jesus. God who is the Holy spirit, It is the way God inspires and guides Christians every day.
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What does Transcendent mean?
God is above all.
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What does Immanent mean?
God is within all.
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What does omniscient mean?
God is all knowing.
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What does Omnibenevolence mean?
Good is all good, all loving.
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What does omnipresent mean?
God is everywhere at once. All present.
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What does monotheist mean?
People who believe in one god, such as Christians and Muslims
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What is an Analogy?
Using a word symbolically to suggest something else.
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What is the cosmological arguement?
The universe exists, therefore it must have come from somewhere. It came from god, god is the 'first cause'
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What is the teleological arguement?
The world shows that it has been designed due to complex design and so must have been designed or created by someone
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What is the Moral arguement?
People have a basic understanding of 'good' and 'bad', 'right' and 'wrong' and this knowledge must have come from god.
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Who is St Thomas Aquinas?
A philosopher and theologian who devised several versions of the cosmological arguement
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Who is William Paley?
A clergyman who explained the design arguement using the example of a watch.
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What does Numinous mean?
A mysterious power that suggest the presence of a spirit or god
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What are some arguemenst against god?
How can a god allow suffering like this on a huge scale. Why did god make us imperfect and incomplete in someway?
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Name one quote against the existence of god.
If there is a God, whence proceed so many evils? If there is no god, whence cometh any good?
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What is a miracle?
Something out of the ordinary that catches the attention. Or something intended by god as a sign of his love and/or power.
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Give some examples of miracles that Jesus performed.
The healing of the paralytic (matthew 9:1-8), Calming the storm (Mark 4:35-41) and the healing of Legion (5:1-15).
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What is non-physical part of a human?
The soul
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What is the physical part of a human?
The body
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What is the soul?
The immortal part of a human that is separate from their physical body.
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Where did Adam get his soul from?
God. The soul is the 'breath of life' which god gave to adam.
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How was original sin brought into the world?
When Eve picked the apple from the tree if the knowledge of good and evil
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What is original sin?
It is the way that humans are born with a lack of holiness about them.
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How is original sin cleansed?
When someone is baptised.
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What separates humans from animals?
Humans have a soul, Animals do not.
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What is the event called when jesus returns to earth and what does this event involve?
It is called the 'Parousia' or 'second coming' and at this time god will judge everyone.
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When do Christians believe parousia or second coming occurs?
Some christians believe at the moment of death whilst other believe there will be a judgement day in the future.
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What do Christians think will happen to people who ignore the teachings of jesus and the bible?
They will be sent to hell and receive eternal punishment.
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What do Christians think will happen to people who follow the teachings of Jesus and the bible.
They will go to heaven.
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What is another place that Catholics believe exists but Protestants do not.
Purgatory.
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What is Purgatory?
The Roman Catholic belief that after death, many souls go to purgatory where they are prepared to go to heaven.
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State what Christians thought heaven was like in Medieval times and why
It was described as a magical place with angels sitting on clouds playing harps. These views were based on teachings in the old testament such as Ezekiel's vision of the throne of god.
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How can the book of revelation in the new testament be interpreted by some christians when thinking about heaven?
There will be no more suffering and god rules the world.
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What is Beatific vision?
It is an eternal and direct view of god which gives people complete happiness.
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State Two other interpretations of what heaven is believed to be like.
Heaven cannot be described, it is a state of mind and not physical and Other Christians believe that in heaven they will be in there own bodies- Statement in the Apostles' Creed.
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What was hell originally described as?
A place of torture with everlasting fires however most Christians do not believe this nowadays.
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What do most Christians believe that hell is like nowadays?
A state of mind that cannot be described or a place with not beatific vision.
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What does the Roman catholic church believe about purgatory?
Many good christians and even good people go to purgatory before heaven, Very few people go straight to heaven and the souls in purgatory can be assisted by pilgrims on earth that offer Eucharistic Sacrifice and many more things.
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Name three other ways that pilgrims can assist people in purgatory (Not eucharistic sacrifice)
Almsgiving, indulgences and works of penance.
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What are the two types of judgement in the christian teaching?
'General' judgement and 'Particular' Judgement.
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What is 'General' Judgement?
The last judgement when God will pass his final sentence on the whole of humanity as well on the soul and body of each individual.
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What is 'Particular' Judgement?
It is the judgement given to each soul when they die.
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What is redemption?
It is when Jesus saved humanity from their punishment for their sins and redeemed them.
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What does the parable of the sheep and the goats show?
It shows those how follow Jesus' teaching will receive eternal life whilst those who do not will be punished in hell.
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How is salvation and redemption achieved? (State where this teaching is found)
Through devotion to Jesus. This teaching can be found in paul's epistle to the romans.
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What happens when a christian is dying?
A christian minister will try to visit them and prepare for death. They wish the confess their sins and they may wish to receive a sacrament which is known as the Anointing of the sick.
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Briefly outline the two main steps in a Christian Funeral.
The service takes place in a Church and the body is either cremated or buried.
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What is a christian sometimes anointed with?
The oil of unction, which is consecrated every year by a bishop at Chrism mass on Holy Thursday.
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What usually happens at the start of a funeral?
There is a reading of a passage from John (John 11:25ab-26a)
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What are churches often decorated with at funerals and why?
White flowers to represent the new life with god that the person is entering.
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As the body is laid to rest, what will the minister say?
'ashes to ashes, dust to dust' based on Genesis 3:19.
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Why are candles lit?
As a reminder that christians are saved because Jesus was the 'light of the world'. The rising smoke is said to represent the soul or prayers for the soul rising to heaven.
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Do Christians see funerals as sad events?
No, not necessarily. They can celebrate the new life with God which the dead person is now entering.
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What some quotes to tie in to funerals and end of life from the bible?
'You will return to dust'- Genesis 3:19. 'I am the resurrection and the life'- John 11:25b-26a.
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