‘If God doesn’t exist everything is permissible’- we need an objective moral authority which everyone obeys. Without this we are left to make moral decisions without any guidance
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J.H Newman
Argued that the fact that moral laws are personal rather than impersonal may suggest a personal lawgiver
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Immanuel Kant
Kant maintained that all humans by use of reason could discern a moral law evident in the universe and they had a duty (CI) to seek the highest form of the good (summum bonum). In this argument, he does not conclude that the existence of God is the
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Natural Law. Aquinas
Theory of ethics which says that we can work out right and wrong by examining human nature; human beings share a common nature; a key feature is rationality; applying our reason to human nature allows us to work out right and wrong
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Euthryphro God commands ‘x’ because\e it is good
GoodnessGodMan (goodness exists as something separate from God, and to which God needs access in order to make a moral command. If this is the case, surely man can access ‘goodness’ without God)
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Daphne Hampson on Abraham and Isaac (sacrifice)
Read from perspective of Sarah, who immediately recognises that God does not intend that Abraham should blindly obey his commands to kill Isaac but is offering a stimulus for moral debate
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H.P Owen
Suggested a link between the existence of a moral law, which puts certain demands on us, and the existence of a God who set the moral law
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Nietzsche
Rejected Christianity and belief in God because it encouraged a ‘slave morality’ by which suffering and weakness were admired while believers were discouraged from avenging wrong and instead showed forgiveness. He believed that the ‘autonomous man’ w
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A.C. Grayling
Put forward an argument for the irrelevance of religion to contemporary morality. He suggests that modern society values freedom, achievement, saving money, insuring against the future and being rewarded for success while Christian morality in partic
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Argued that the fact that moral laws are personal rather than impersonal may suggest a personal lawgiver
Back
J.H Newman
Card 3
Front
Kant maintained that all humans by use of reason could discern a moral law evident in the universe and they had a duty (CI) to seek the highest form of the good (summum bonum). In this argument, he does not conclude that the existence of God is the
Back
Card 4
Front
Theory of ethics which says that we can work out right and wrong by examining human nature; human beings share a common nature; a key feature is rationality; applying our reason to human nature allows us to work out right and wrong
Back
Card 5
Front
GoodnessGodMan (goodness exists as something separate from God, and to which God needs access in order to make a moral command. If this is the case, surely man can access ‘goodness’ without God)
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