Religion and Ethics - Sexual Ethics

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Define marital sex:
Sex which occurs within a marriage (between husband and wife)
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Define non-marital sex:
Sex which occurs between unmarried parties (e.g a boyfriend and girlfriend)
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Define extra-marital sex:
Occurs between a married and unmarried individual (e.g adultery).
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Does the Bible accept marital sex?
The Bible accepts marital sex as normal and moral behaviour.
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What does the Roman Catholic Church say about marital sex?
''Every genital act must be done within the framework of marriage''.
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What does the Church say about homosexuality?
The Church condemns homosexuality as immoral. e.g teachings of the Bible "man shall not lie with another man''. Homosexuality is punishable by death (Leviticus 20:13).
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What is another reason the Church condemns homosexuality?
Homosexuality is wrong because it contradicts the purpose/order of God's creation. God made humans as man and woman so they could be partners together (Genesis 2).
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What does the Catholic Church say about homosexuality?
Homosexuality contradicts the intended purpose for sex - procreation.
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What do more liberal Christians say about homosexuality?
Allow it in the context of a loving relationship. E.g in 2003, Gene Robinson, an openly gay man was made Anglican archbishop of New Hampshire.
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What is the problem with religion in terms of changing views?
The reason that religion doesn't tend to change views is b/c it trades on the idea that its truths are timeless. We'd be suspicious of a religion that changed its mind.
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When did we have the 1st female PM?
1979
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When were female priests first ordained?
1994.
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What has the Church of England been nicknamed?
''The Tory Party at Prayer''.
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Which BBC programme has raised issues about homosexuality and the Church?
''Colateral'' - David Hare
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What is the issue in believing everything the Bible says about homosexuality?
God loves us all and would therefore never condemn anyone for their sexual choices.
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What is said about divorce in a religious context?
Divorce may be seen as immoral given that the couple have vowed to spend their lives together. It could be seen as the breaking of a promise or failure to act in a loving manner.
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What does the Old Testament say about divorce?
Permitted as a normal and legal procedure (Deuteronomy 24).
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What does the New Testament say about divorce?
Jesus takes a markedly negative view and says ''Anyone marrying a divorced woman commits adultery'' (Matthew 5).
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Which teaching (OT or NT) is more prominent in Christianity?
The idea that divorce is wrong and should be avoided.
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What does the Roman Catholic Church say about divorce?
Divorce is never right because two have become one flesh in marriage and have taken sacred vows in front of God.
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What does absolutist mean?
Emphasises fixed moral rules which are there at all times e.g Roman Catholic Church/Natural Law. Things are either right or wrong.
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What does relativist mean?
There are no fixed moral rules, principles vary from culture to culture, so they cannot be true in an absolute sense.
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Give some arguments for religious approaches to sexual ethics:
God designed our sexual organs for a purpose (procreation). Augustine ''men should go to their task with reluctance". Growth in teen pregnancies , would've been prevented by absolute moral laws. Sex is sacred.
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Give some arguments against religious approaches to sexual ethics (relativist):
Sex outside marriage isn't bad if it's in a loving relationship. Pleasure vs pain is the only way of measuring sexual ethics, e.g homosexuality brings no harm so why is it wrong. Situation ethics - emphasises the value of love over any fixed rule.
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What is said in the Old Testament about sex in general?
Fidelity and monogamy were not valued highly for men as they needed power/authority. Known for men to have one or two wives along with several concubines, e.g Jacob. God is the third member in a marriage.
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What is said in the New Testament about sex in general?
Jesus allows for divorce in certain situations. Centred relationships around God "Love God with all your heart". Paul teaches you should stay celibate unless you can't resist. This is when you should get married.
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Give examples of the influence of secularism:
Influence of J.S Mill - ''Harm Principle'' (can lead to issues). Alan Turing - chemically castrated for his sexuality. In 1994 - female priests, 2004 Civil Partnerships, 2013 Gay Marriage.
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What is the Natural Law approach to pre-marital sex?
You should be married in order to have sex as it's part of living in society.
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What is the Natural Law approach to extramarital sex?
Would most likely overrule extramarital sex as wrong because it is sex outside of a marriage and not for the purpose of creating children.
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Is sex a real good or an apparent good?
Sex is an apparent good unless it is used solely for the context of procreation.
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How does the Doctrine of Double Effect come into play?
E.g taking the pill because you have irregular periods but a secondary effect is the contraceptive effect.
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What did Aquinas call masturbation?
''The sin of self abuse''.
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What does Natural Law say about homosexuality?
Condemns homosexuality as it doesn't allow for procreation and meant going against the grain of society (in Aquinas' time).
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What does Utilitarianism say about extramarital sex?
Wrong as causes long term harm and pain.
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What does Utilitarianism say about pre-marital sex?
Allowed, so long as it doesn't promote pain.
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What does Utilitarianism say about homosexuality?
Allowed providing there is no pain. But the Tyranny of the Majority can sometimes overrule, e.g in history, being gay has often been illegal.
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What did Mill say about sex?
Lower pleasure.
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What does Kant say about extra-marital sex?
Cannot be universalised and you are using your mistress etc. as a means to an end.
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What does Kant say about homosexuality?
Cannot be universalised but surely cannot be bad if you're not using someone as means to an end.
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Is r*pe/p*rnography acceptable under Kant?
No because you are using someone as a means to an end.
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When is sex only permissible?
When there is full and total consent.
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Why is sex between minors wrong?
They do not have a developed free will.
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What does Situation Ethics say about pre-marital sex?
Allowed - for love in that situation e.g between boyfriend and girlfriend.
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What does Situation Ethics say about extramarital sex?
Wrong because it is not loving.
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Why does Situation Ethics say about homosexuality?
If it's loving then it's fine.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Define non-marital sex:

Back

Sex which occurs between unmarried parties (e.g a boyfriend and girlfriend)

Card 3

Front

Define extra-marital sex:

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Does the Bible accept marital sex?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does the Roman Catholic Church say about marital sex?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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