relative ethics

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give 3 strengths of relative ethics
accounts for different circumstances, appreciates cultural differences, prevents one dominant culture having control
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give 4 weaknesses of relative ethics
can't criticise another cultures' morality, no 2 people may agree on a judgement, difficult to apply, reduces 'good' to socially acceptable
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what did Bentham's hedonic calculus include?
Remoteness, Purity, Richness, Intensity, Certainty, Extent, Duration
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what is Bentham's hedonic calculus used for?
to measure the pleasure of an action
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give 4 strengths of Bentham's utilitarianism
clear way of deciding what to do by balancing pain/pleasure, people naturally seek pleasure and avoid pain, considers consequences, ethical code is accessible to everyone
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give 5 weaknesses of bentham's utilitarianism
mill says emphasis on pleasure is animal instincts eg sex/food, doesn't distinguish between pleasures, 'greatest number' means minority ignored, relies on accurately predicting consequences, pleasure for one may be pin for another
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how did Mill criticise Benthams utilitarianism?
disagreed with 'pushpin is as good as poetry' - distinguished between higher and lower order pleasures
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what are Mills higher and lower order pleasures?
higher - satisfy the mind, lower - please the body
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what was Mills basic principle
greatest happiness for the greatest number
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what was Benthams basic principle
greatest pleasure for the greatest number
10 of 20
explain Mills rule utilitarianism
society should have generally agreed rules for all acts eg no murder
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explain Benthams act utilitarianism
every situation is judges individually, with its own circumstances, and a general rule is deduced from this
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why is benthams utilitarianism called 'strong utilitarianism'?
because he said the rule must be adhered to without exceptions
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why is mills utilitarianism called 'weak utilitarianism'?
because it accepts that in certain situations the rule must be broken
14 of 20
who developed preference utilitarianism, and who developed it more recently?
RM Hare, Peter Singer
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what is the principle of preference util?
it considers whether an act is something people would prefer in order to see if its right/wrong
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rather than concentrating on maximising pleasure, singers util concentrates on...
minimising suffering
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singer considers the rights of the ...
minority
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give 4 advantages of util
simple/common sense theory to apply, fair/democratic, considering consequences is natural, universal rule for all cultures
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give 4 disadvantages of util
how can you know what gives another person happiness/pleasure?, relies on accurate prediction of consequences, no account taken for someone acts irrespective of consequences, no account for wrong motives leading to right action
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

give 4 weaknesses of relative ethics

Back

can't criticise another cultures' morality, no 2 people may agree on a judgement, difficult to apply, reduces 'good' to socially acceptable

Card 3

Front

what did Bentham's hedonic calculus include?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is Bentham's hedonic calculus used for?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

give 4 strengths of Bentham's utilitarianism

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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