Regulating blood Glucose

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Created by: Esme.B
Created on: 23-10-17 13:24

What is the normal blood concentration of glucose?

4-6 mmol dm-3 (or 90mg 100cm-3)

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What is the difference between hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia?

Hypoglycaemia= blood glucose levels are too low 2. hyperglycaemia= glucose levels are too high

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What are the target cells for insulin?

Liver cells (hepatocytes), muscle cells and other body cells including those in the brain

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When insulin binds to an insulin receptor on a target cell what enzyme is activated?

Tyrosine kinase

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What term is used to describe the conversion of glucose to glycogen?

Glycogenesis

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Which organ is a main store for glycogen?

Liver (hepatocytes)

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What type of protein is stimulated when glucagon binds to a receptor?

G-protein

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What term is used to describe the conversion of glycogen to glucose?

Glycogenolysis

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What term is used to describe the conversion of amino acids and fats to glucose?

Gluconeogenesis

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Insulin and glucagon have opposite effects on blood glucose concentration and can be described as what?

Antagonistic hormones

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Why do hepatocytes have specialised receptors for both insulin and glucagon?

Hepatocytes must respond to both hormones as they have anatgonistic effects on the cell. Insulin causes the cell to take in glucose and convert it to glycogen, glucagon causes the cell to break down glycogen and release glucose

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State which molecules in this topic are first messengers and second messengers

First messengers: insulin and glucagon. Second messengers: cAMP

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Explain why negative feedback is used to regulate the glucose concentration.

The blood glucose concentration must be kept fairly constant - so if it rises too high it must be lowered and if it drops too low it must be increased. This mechanism that reverses a change that has acted as a stimulus is a negative feedback.

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5. Why does the concentration of glucose in the blood fluctuate?

It might be due to eating or drinking sugary foods. It will also rise a little due to the effects of adrenaline. It falls due to fasting or exercise.

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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the difference between hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia?

Back

Hypoglycaemia= blood glucose levels are too low 2. hyperglycaemia= glucose levels are too high

Card 3

Front

What are the target cells for insulin?

Back

Card 4

Front

When insulin binds to an insulin receptor on a target cell what enzyme is activated?

Back

Card 5

Front

What term is used to describe the conversion of glucose to glycogen?

Back

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Regulating blood Glucose