Reductionism vs holism 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyResearch methods and techniquesA2/A-levelOCR Created by: Steff06Created on: 10-06-16 17:32 What does reductionism argue? That all psychology can reduced to simple parts. 1 of 21 What does it say behaviour is determined by? Determined by only 1 factor. 2 of 21 What are the strengths of reductionism? Allows you to look in detail at components that can affect behaviour. Can explain explain certain types of behaviours. Scientific and open to testing. 3 of 21 What are the weaknesses of reductionism? Over simplifies complex behaviour, ignores other factors, breaks down complex phenomenon into simple explanations. 4 of 21 What are 4 types of reductionism? Physiological reductionism, genetic reductionism, social reductionism and environmental reductionism. 5 of 21 What is physiological reductionism? Argues that ll behaviour and experiences can be explained by biological factors e.g. hormones or the nervous system. 6 of 21 Describe genetic reductionism Reduces all causes of behaviour to genetic inheritance. 7 of 21 What is social reductionism? Argues all behaviour and experiences can be explained by the effect of groups on the individual. 8 of 21 Describe environmental reductionism Explaining behaviour purely in terms of environmental factors. 9 of 21 What is methodological reductionism? Attempt to isolate variables in the lab to simply processes - basis of experimental method. 10 of 21 What does holism refer to? An approach/study that looks at the individual and the whole picture instead of breaking it down into components. 11 of 21 What does a holistic approach suggest? Suggests there are different levels of explanation and there are emergent properties that cannot be reduced. 12 of 21 Why do holistic approaches look at the whole person? To gain an understanding about anything that may impact on their behaviour. 13 of 21 What are the strengths of holistic approaches? Looks at everything that could impact behaviour. Considers more than 1 cause and allows for a detailed analysis. 14 of 21 What are the limitations of the holistic approach? Does not allow for detailed study into 1 area. Non-scientific and over complicates behaviour. 15 of 21 Which psychological method is the most holistic? Case study method. 16 of 21 Why are case studies said to be holistic? Studies e.g. Thigpen and Cleckley look at all the different factors that could affect the individual. Different methods of testing are used. 17 of 21 What studies are reductionist? Geer and Maisel, Raine, Gottesman and Shields. 18 of 21 What studies are holistic? Thigpen and Cleckley, Johansson. 19 of 21 What perspectives are reductionist? Cognitive, behaviourist, social. 20 of 21 What perspectives are holistic? Psychodynamic. 21 of 21
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