Rebellion and unrest.

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What were the social and economic issues present as the underlying cause of the unrest?
Population growth, rising prices, poor harvest, increasing poverty, enclosure.
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What did the issue of enclosure play a significant role in?
The outbreak of Kett's rebellion in 1549 and earlier unrest at Northaw in Hertfordshire in 1548.
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What was enclosure?
Generally speaking, enclosures were the fencing or hedging off areas of land for private use that had once been available for common use.
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What did the issue of enclosure lead to?
Led to the establishment of an Enclosure Commission by Somerset and this convinced many peasants that he was unsympathetic to their cause and may have encourage the unrest in the summer of 1549.
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Why did the accession of a minor, Edward VI, increase factional struggles within government?
Because he was a minor this meant that the government was in the hands of a group of councillors, The Regency Council.
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What were the aims of the Regency Council?
To increase their influence and to increase their personal wealth.
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What did the introduction of a new Prayer Book in 1549 lead to ?
The Western or Prayer Book Rebellion in 1549 as people in the West Country complained about the abolition of traditional religious practices.
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What did the restoration of Catholicism potentially contributed to?
Northumberland's decision to try and put the Protestant Mary on the throne and similarly Wyatt may have rebelled because he did not want a Catholic regime.
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Was the population increasing or decreasing?
For the first time since the Black Death in the 14th century, the population was rising.
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List a statistic about the population rise.
Between 1525 and 1551 the population rose from 2.3 million to 3 million.
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What else changed about the population?
The structure changed. It was a young population, which meant that many were too young to work and therefore the dependency ratio increased as many were children who are consumers but not producers.
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What affect did farmers changing from arable to sheep farming have?
This created further problems because sheep farming required fewer labourers, as fewer workers were need to look after sheep, and therefore caused unemployment.
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How did the government of Somerset attempt to tackle the agriculture problems?
By establishing Enclosure Commissions in both 1548 and 1549 to look into the problem, but attempts at legislation were blocked by the genre in parliament as they were gaining from such developments.
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State a statistic about the price rise.
In 1549 the price his compared to 1508 was 114%.
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What lead to more money being circulated but not more food and therefore prices rose?
The situation was made worse by the debasement of the currency to finance the wars against France and Scotland in the 1540's.
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What had the harvests been like?
There were six bad harvests in the period from 1547-1558.
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Who were worried about about the increase in the number of poor?
Authorities were worried as they lacked a force to maintain order and prevent crime.
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What was a harsh measure the government brought in to deal with the poor?
The 1547 Vagrancy Act, which condemned vagrants to slavery.
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What is the Western Rebellion often referred to?
The Prayer Book rebellion.
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What event happened before the Western Rebellion that suggests it was religiously motivated?
William Body was murdered at Helston in 1548 when he returned to supervise the destruction of images.
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Why were the demands of the rebels of the Western Rebellion largely religious?
Because they were drawn up by priests who wanted to restore traditional doctrine and a belief in transubstantiation and purgatory.
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What were the initial complaints of the Western Rebellion?
Attack on sheep and cloth tax.
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What 3 actions did the rebels take that suggests that they disliked the gentry?
1.Gentry were attacked and robbed at St Michael's Mount. 2. At Bodmin they shouted 'Kill the gentleman'. 3. They murdered William Hellyons,a member of the local gentry.
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What happened when the rebels laid siege to Exeter?
The major provided the poor relief in fear that the city would be handed over to the rebels.
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Why was the government slow to deal with the Western Rebellion?
As they had to put down unrest in Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire en route.
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How many rebels were killed?
3,000 and further retribution followed.
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Where did the Kett's rebellion take place?
In East Anglia.
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who was the leader of the Kett's rebellion?
Robert Kett.
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When did the unrest of the Kett's rebellion begin?
The rioters were angry that a local lawyer, John Flowerden had bought the local abbey church and began to enclose the land.
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How did John Flowerdew respond to the rioters?
He turned the rebels against Kett.
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What did Kett quickly do?
Raised 16,000 men who marched to Norwich.
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what happened to the force sent by the government under the Marquis of Northampton?
It was defeated and therefore the Duke of Northumberland was sent.
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What happened to the rebels?
3,000 were killed but many rebels were treated leniently.
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The demands of the rebels of the Kett's rebellion can be put under 4 headings? What are they?
Agricultural demands, economic concerns, social grievances, religious concerns.
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What does the timing of Wyatt's Rebellion suggest?
The timing of the rising suggests that Mary's marriage was the main cause.
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Why did Wyatt stress the issue of marriage in his propaganda?
As he was probably aware it would win him greater support than religious arguments
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What evidence is there to suggest that Wyatt's rebellion had religious motivations?
The leaders of the four-pronged attack had Protestant sympathies, Wyatt received advice from the deprived Protestant Bishop of Winchester, No prominent member of the plot was Catholic.
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What fact suggests that the Wyatt's rebellion was not religiously motivated?
At the time of the plot persecution of Protestants had not started. Economic factors may have helped Wyatt win support as the Kent cloth industry was in decline.
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Who were the plotters going to marry Elizabeth to?
Edward Courtenay.
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What did Thomas Wyatt fear?
He was fearful that he would lose his position with the arrival of large numbers of foreigners.
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Why was the Wyatt's rebellion a threat to Mary?
Troops sent to deal with Wyatt changed sides crying 'were are all Englishmen'. The rising had been close to London.
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How did Mary win over her supporters?
With her speech at Guildhall.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What did the issue of enclosure play a significant role in?

Back

The outbreak of Kett's rebellion in 1549 and earlier unrest at Northaw in Hertfordshire in 1548.

Card 3

Front

What was enclosure?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did the issue of enclosure lead to?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why did the accession of a minor, Edward VI, increase factional struggles within government?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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