Combustion reactions always involve molecular oxygen O2. Anytime anything burns (in the usual sense), it is a combustion reaction. Combustion reactions are almost always exothermic (i.e., they give off heat).
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Hydrogenation of an Alkene
In a hydrogenation reaction, two hydrogen atoms are added across the double bond of an alkene, resulting in a saturated alkane. (150/ Nickel Catalyst)
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Hydration of an Alkene
Hydration of an alkene is used to make alcohols. By directly adding water to the carbon-carbon double bond. (300'C/phosphoric acid/60-70 atm)
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Halogenation of an Alkene
Halogenation is the replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms in an organic compound by a halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine). The process is Nucleophilic addition. (Heterolytic fission)
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Esterification
When a carboxylic acid is treated with an alcohol and an acid catalyst, an ester is formed (along with water). This reaction is called the Fischer esterification.
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Oxidation of an Alcohol
Alcohols can be oxidized to either aldehydes, carboxylic acids or ketones depending on the reaction conditions. 1'' alcohol → Carboxylic acid. 2'' alcohol → Ketone. 3'' alcohol → No reaction. (Potassium Dichromate)
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Electrophilic Substituion
Electrophilic substitution reactions are chemical reactions in which an electrophile displaces a functional group in a compound, which is typically, but not always, a hydrogen atom.
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Dehydration of an Alcohol
The dehydration reaction of alcohols to generate alkene proceeds by heating the alcohols in the presence of a strong acid, such as sulfuric or phosphoric acid, at high temperatures. 1° alcohols: 170° - 180°C 2° alcohols: 100°– 140 °C 3° alcohols: 25°
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Reduction
Reduction is chemical reaction that involves the gaining of electrons by one of the atoms involved in the reaction.
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Oxidation
Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion.
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Free Radical substitution
When a dihalide is split using UV light so they react with alkenes to form haloalkanes. There are three stages that involve In free radical substitution: initiation, propagation and termination.
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Addition of Hydrogen Halides
This reaction happens through electrophilic addition where a hydrogen halide reacts with an alkene.
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Addition Polymerization
An addition reaction is one in which two or more molecules join together to give a single product. During the polymerisation of ethene, thousands of ethene molecules join together to make poly(ethene) - commonly called polythene.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
In a hydrogenation reaction, two hydrogen atoms are added across the double bond of an alkene, resulting in a saturated alkane. (150/ Nickel Catalyst)
Back
Hydrogenation of an Alkene
Card 3
Front
Hydration of an alkene is used to make alcohols. By directly adding water to the carbon-carbon double bond. (300'C/phosphoric acid/60-70 atm)
Back
Card 4
Front
Halogenation is the replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms in an organic compound by a halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine). The process is Nucleophilic addition. (Heterolytic fission)
Back
Card 5
Front
When a carboxylic acid is treated with an alcohol and an acid catalyst, an ester is formed (along with water). This reaction is called the Fischer esterification.
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