Reaction Mechanisms 0.0 / 5 ? PharmacyChemistryUniversityNone Created by: SamDaviesCreated on: 10-05-18 20:15 Hemiacetal One equivalent of alcohol with an aldehyde 1 of 19 Hemiketal One equivalent of alcohol with a ketone 2 of 19 Secondary alcohol Grignard's reagent with aldehyde (irreversible) 3 of 19 Tertiary alcohol Grignard's reagent with a ketone (irreversible) 4 of 19 Imine Primary amine with an aldehyde/ketone 5 of 19 Enamine Secondary amine with an aldehyde/ketone 6 of 19 Cyanohydrin HCN with aldehyde/ketone 7 of 19 Intermediate Discrete molecules that are at a local energy minima and it is possible to observe/detect these molecules 8 of 19 Transition state Molecules at a local energy maxima and cannot be detected/observed discretely 9 of 19 SNI Nucleophilic substitution: unimolecular, (planar) carbocation stability important, racemic mixture produced, discrete intermediate, tertiary alkyl halides 10 of 19 SNII Nucleophilic substitution: Bi-molecular, inversion of stereochemistry, high energy transition state, primary alkyl halides 11 of 19 Zaitsevs rule Rule which states the most substituted alkenes are the most stable 12 of 19 Markovnikovs rule Rule which states the hydrogen ends up attached to the carbon of the double bond that had more hydrogens to start with 13 of 19 Halogenation Electrophilic aromatic substitution using AlCl3 and Cl2 14 of 19 Nitration Electrophilic aromatic substitution using H2NO3 and H2SO4 to form a nitronium ion (O=N=O+) 15 of 19 Friedel Crafts Alkylation Alkylation of a benzene ring using AlCl3 and R-Cl 16 of 19 Friedel Craft's Acylation Electrophilic aromatic substitution using an acyl chloride and AlCl3 17 of 19 Meta directors EWG. (If there is a positive charge on an atom next to benzene ring), -NO2, -CF3, -CCl3, -NR3, -CN, aldehyde, ketone 18 of 19 Ortho para directors EDG: -OH, -OR, -O-, -NH2, -NR2, halogens, -O-C=O, 19 of 19
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