RDT 2 - Prokaryotic Genomes

?
What are the advantages of having a DNA genome to an RNA genome?
Double stranded, RNA more labile due to ribose, RNA is unstable in inflammation
1 of 39
How many H bonds between A-T?
2
2 of 39
How many H bonds between C-G?
3
3 of 39
What is the most common DNA form?
B
4 of 39
What handed is DNA?
Right handed
5 of 39
How are the single strands arranged?
Anti-parallel
6 of 39
What is the size of each DNA turn?
10.4 bp
7 of 39
Is DNA flexible or rigid?
Flexible!
8 of 39
What is GC content?
The proportion of DNA made up of C and G bases
9 of 39
Bacterial chromosome size variation:
0.5Mb - 12Mb
10 of 39
What structure is prokaryotic DNA packaged into?
Nucleoid
11 of 39
Where is the nucleoid held?
At the pole of the cell
12 of 39
How is the DNA held together?
Basic proteins
13 of 39
Why is DNA size not an issue with prokaryotes?
Their cell vol is 10^3 times bigger than DNA vol
14 of 39
What are two slow ways of developing new phenotypes?
Divergent evolution, gene duplication
15 of 39
How do plasmids add DNA to genome?
Insert into chromosome
16 of 39
How do plasmids insert into chromosome?
Homologous Recombination
17 of 39
How are chromosomal genes moved onto plasmids?
Transposition - by transposible elements
18 of 39
How does a phage insert into chromosome?
Specialised transduction
19 of 39
What does this form?
Prophage
20 of 39
What shape is a bacterial chromosome?
Circular
21 of 39
What shape is a plasmid?
Circular
22 of 39
What is the origin of replication called?
oriV
23 of 39
What sort of genes do plasmids carry?
Ancillary genes
24 of 39
How are plasmids acquired?
Conjugation
25 of 39
What happens if a plasmid is useful?
Propogated
26 of 39
How do selfish plasmids prevent being lost?
Produce toxic protein AND antitoxin - toxin is more stable
27 of 39
Plasmid size variation:
1-200 genes
28 of 39
What is an insertion sequence made up of?
IR - Transposase Gene - IR
29 of 39
What does IR stand for?
Inverted Repeat
30 of 39
What does Transposase Gene encode?
Transposase, which allows it to jump
31 of 39
How can an insertion sequence affect DNA?
Can disrupt genes, activate gene expression
32 of 39
What is a composite transposon made up of?
IS - Other genes - IS
33 of 39
How can a composite transposon affect DNA?
Allows gene movement from chromosome onto plasmid.
34 of 39
Where is a complex transposon found?
Plasmids
35 of 39
What is an example of an atypical complex transposon?
SCCmec
36 of 39
What is an integron?
An element that can capture gene cassettes
37 of 39
How does an integron do this?
Using Integrase enzyme
38 of 39
Where is an integron found?
On a composite transposon
39 of 39

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How many H bonds between A-T?

Back

2

Card 3

Front

How many H bonds between C-G?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the most common DNA form?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What handed is DNA?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all RDT resources »