RDT 2 - Prokaryotic Genomes 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyRDTUniversityNone Created by: OwenBeesleyCreated on: 10-01-18 18:26 What are the advantages of having a DNA genome to an RNA genome? Double stranded, RNA more labile due to ribose, RNA is unstable in inflammation 1 of 39 How many H bonds between A-T? 2 2 of 39 How many H bonds between C-G? 3 3 of 39 What is the most common DNA form? B 4 of 39 What handed is DNA? Right handed 5 of 39 How are the single strands arranged? Anti-parallel 6 of 39 What is the size of each DNA turn? 10.4 bp 7 of 39 Is DNA flexible or rigid? Flexible! 8 of 39 What is GC content? The proportion of DNA made up of C and G bases 9 of 39 Bacterial chromosome size variation: 0.5Mb - 12Mb 10 of 39 What structure is prokaryotic DNA packaged into? Nucleoid 11 of 39 Where is the nucleoid held? At the pole of the cell 12 of 39 How is the DNA held together? Basic proteins 13 of 39 Why is DNA size not an issue with prokaryotes? Their cell vol is 10^3 times bigger than DNA vol 14 of 39 What are two slow ways of developing new phenotypes? Divergent evolution, gene duplication 15 of 39 How do plasmids add DNA to genome? Insert into chromosome 16 of 39 How do plasmids insert into chromosome? Homologous Recombination 17 of 39 How are chromosomal genes moved onto plasmids? Transposition - by transposible elements 18 of 39 How does a phage insert into chromosome? Specialised transduction 19 of 39 What does this form? Prophage 20 of 39 What shape is a bacterial chromosome? Circular 21 of 39 What shape is a plasmid? Circular 22 of 39 What is the origin of replication called? oriV 23 of 39 What sort of genes do plasmids carry? Ancillary genes 24 of 39 How are plasmids acquired? Conjugation 25 of 39 What happens if a plasmid is useful? Propogated 26 of 39 How do selfish plasmids prevent being lost? Produce toxic protein AND antitoxin - toxin is more stable 27 of 39 Plasmid size variation: 1-200 genes 28 of 39 What is an insertion sequence made up of? IR - Transposase Gene - IR 29 of 39 What does IR stand for? Inverted Repeat 30 of 39 What does Transposase Gene encode? Transposase, which allows it to jump 31 of 39 How can an insertion sequence affect DNA? Can disrupt genes, activate gene expression 32 of 39 What is a composite transposon made up of? IS - Other genes - IS 33 of 39 How can a composite transposon affect DNA? Allows gene movement from chromosome onto plasmid. 34 of 39 Where is a complex transposon found? Plasmids 35 of 39 What is an example of an atypical complex transposon? SCCmec 36 of 39 What is an integron? An element that can capture gene cassettes 37 of 39 How does an integron do this? Using Integrase enzyme 38 of 39 Where is an integron found? On a composite transposon 39 of 39
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