This is the theory that a reaction occurs when the reactants particles collide in the right direction with the sufficient amount of energy.
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What is activation energy?
Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur.
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How does temperature affect the rate of reaction? (first way)
When the temperature is increased, the particles gain more kinetic energy so they all move faster. If they're moving faster, they're going to collide more frequently - which causes more successful collisions.
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How does temperature affect the rate of reaction? (second way)
The faster the particles move the more energy they have, so more of the collisions will have enough energy to make the reaction happen.
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How does concentration affect the rate of reaction?
If a solution is made more concentrated, it means there are more particles moving around in the same volume of water. This makes collisions between particles more frequent - which makes more frequent successful collisions.
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How does pressure affect the rate of reaction?
When the pressure of a gas is increased, it means that the same number of particles are occupying a smaller space. This makes the collisions between the reactant particles more frequent - this makes the successful collisions more frequent.
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How does surface area affect the rate of reaction?
If one of the reactants is a solid, then breaking it up into smaller pieces will increase it's surface area to volume ratio. This means that for the same volume of the solid, the particles around it will have more area to work on.
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What is a catalyst?
A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up in the reaction itself.
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How does a catalyst affect the rate reaction?
Catalysts decrease the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur. They do this by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy.
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How do you calculate the rate of reaction?
Rate of reaction = Amount of reactant used or amount of product formed / Time
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What are the 3 ways of measuring the rate of reaction?
1) Precipitation and colour change 2) Change in mass 3) Volume of gas given off
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What is a dynamic equilibrium?
A dynamic equilibrium is where the forward and backward reactions - in a reversible reaction - are going at the exact same rate.
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What type of system can an equilibrium occur in and why?
Equilibrium can only occur in a closed system so that none of the reactants or products can escape and nothing else can get in.
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What is Le Chatelier's Principle?
Le Chatelier's Principle is the idea that if you change the conditions of a reversible reaction at equilibrium, the system will try to counteract that change.
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What happens when you decrease the temperature of an equilibrium?
If you decrease the temperature, the equilibrium will move in the exothermic direction to produce more heat. This means you will get more products for the exothermic reaction.
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What happens when you increase the temperature of an equilibrium?
If you increase the temperature, the equilibrium will move in the endothermic direction to try and decrease it. You will now get more products for the endothermic reaction.
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What happens when you increase the pressure of an equilibrium?
If you increase the pressure, the equilibrium tries to reduce it; it moves in the direction where there are less molecules of gas.
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What happens when you decrease the pressure of an equilibrium?
If you decrease the pressure, the equilibrium tries to increase it; it moves in the direction where there are more molecules of gas.
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What happens when you increase the concentration of the reactants in an equilibrium?
If you increase the concentration of the reactants, the system tries to decrease it by making more products.
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What happens when you decrease the concentration of the products in an equilibrium?
If you decrease the concentration of products, the system tries to increase it again by reducing the amount of reactants.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is activation energy?
Back
Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur.
Card 3
Front
How does temperature affect the rate of reaction? (first way)
Back
Card 4
Front
How does temperature affect the rate of reaction? (second way)
Back
Card 5
Front
How does concentration affect the rate of reaction?
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